Differences Between Laptop and Netbook

What are the Difference between Laptop and Netbook? So what is the difference between laptop and netbook? A laptop (also called a notebook) is computer which has been designed to be made portable, featuring a screen hinged to a keyboard. A laptop includes a battery for portable power and a touchpad instead of a mouse for input. Mini laptops (also called a netbook, subnotebook or ultraportables) take these ideas further still, creating a new market above handheld computers, smartphones and personal digital assistants.The primary characteristic of these are smaller size and weight, which are pretty similar to the average diary, as well as costing less than a standard laptop with prices starting at around ? 150, an excellent solution during the credit crunch! Mini laptops aren't as powerful as bigger notebook computers, and lack the power for big, demanding programs as well as an optical disc drive – so no CDs or DVDs. None the less, connectivity is a central focus for netbooks. Internet downloads are quickly catching up on hard media products, so perhaps it's not such a loss.In short, the difference between laptop and netbook is a netbook is smaller, lighter, cheaper (on the whole) and simpler. New mini laptops are expected to sell in the region of 5. 2 million units by the end of 2008, 8 million during 2009 and up to 50 million by 2012 – a ten fold growth. Industry analysts are torn whether or not subnotebooks will cannibalize the laptop market, some suggesting that a mere 10% market share will be taken. However, in this economic downturn, people will always look for cheaper products and with mini laptops available from ? 150-200, perhaps there is a big market after all.So is it game over for the standard laptop and pc? Unlikely; whilst mini laptops can perform dozens of tasks to identical or similar standard of larger computers, they will (for the time being) be limited by battery size, processing power and storage space, the difference between la ptop and netbook is pronounced enough not to make the former obsolete. Furthermore, when using a computer over a prolonged period of time, it would make sense to use a bigger screen and a faster processor of a desktop replacement laptop or a PC, particularly for demanding programs' such as games.And finally, similarly priced but laptops, of varying quality, are available for around ? 200-300 leading some industry analysts to believe that the consumer focus will be on functionality and not merely size and weight. At the opposite end of the spectrum, mobile phone manufacturers and providers are tapping into the netbook market with the Samsung NC10, LG X110 and Carphone Warehouse launching the Webbook – a branded laptop made by Elonex. Vodafone has linked arms with Dell with its Inspiron Mini 9, offering 3G mobile broadband contracts. Orange have followed suit with by cosying up with Asus and the Eee PC 901.

Alignment of IT and Business

IT and business alignment is the best system for modern strategic management of organizations because it reduces the overall costs of operations, promotes effective communication in a company, and enhances faster response and evaluation of business progress.   Besides, it sets a platform for faster changes by an organization in future.However, IT and business alignment has proved to be one of the most difficult aspect for most organizations.   Over 75% of the companies and institutions have not fully aligned IT with their management systems.   However, over 80% of them have partially embraced IT especially in the top management levels (Aileen, 2008).IT and business alignment is an ongoing process that optimizes the IT mechanisms and business management operations at all levels.   It carves the correct climate whereby IT becomes a major strategic enabler of all the business operations.Lack of effective leadership in business operationsAccording to Roland (2008) effective leade rship in a business setting acts as a major platform and a guiding icon towards the correct direction for an organization.   Arguably, it is the role of the business leaders to pro-actively identify the most important aspects that would enhance higher levels of sustainability.Notably, small mistakes taken by conservative rigid leaders are referred as minor shenanigans and mostly not factored in business operations until it has sank into great losses.   Most of the leaders are directly engrossed into the past methods of business operations based on raw products and finished products simplified systems of accounting.   Many organizations are unable to link the extra IT cost to be incurred by the business and the returns to be achieved.As indicated by majority of the large companies that have embraced IT in their systems like Wal-Mart and JP Morgan & Chase, the returns are not instant and may take time before the respective advantages are realized.   Arguably, IT/ Business alig nment is a process as opposed to a one day operation.After launching its Point of Sale services that would link Citibank with its major financial operations information centers, the Bank had to wait for some months before realizing the expected goals (Mahesh, 2007).Poor focus into the future and conservatismAnalysts have linked hardship to articulate IT and business hardships to three superimposed factors of business management namely tactic, strategy, and innovation.   The three factors are effectively superimposed on each other and simultaneously operate for or against IT/ business alignment depending with the prevailing environment.Lack of effective tactics and strategy by business makes the overall demand for modernization to appear vague (Malcolm & Keith, 2007).   Notably, many companies and organizations especially in areas with reduced competition have been slow in aligning IT and their business operations.Southwest Airlines managing director cited his company's success a s a product of effective tactic that incorporated customer and staff management through information technology that assists the airline to respond faster to all the consumer need.Arguably, the current economic down turn could have affected them very negatively as the company offers low cost flights in US (Ann, 2007).Henersen & Venkartraman (1993) points out that poor innovative capacity by organization forms a major stepping block of growth, and development.   Arguably, alignment of IT and business demands high levels of innovative capacity that carves new ways of operating the old models.This has been indicated as one of the hardest nut to crack especially where leaders are greatly old fashioned.   This has been cited as the major setback especially where people manage their own premises as opposed to professionals. There is generally lack of effective cost benefit analysis to determine the overall suitability of the alignment.Organizations financial abilityTo add to that, lack of enough finances has slowed or hindered many company's operations alignment with IT.   Arguably, establishment of IT infrastructure is a costly venture that requires correct budgeting in effecting the overall venture.Though analysts have differed on the statement that finances form the key aspect in aligning IT and business operations, it is clear that very little can be achieved without enough funds (Aileen, 2008).Though the cost of installation and establishing the correct IT systems in business has relatively declined, the overall maintenance and possible establishment of new IT operations department demands enough funds especially at the beginning.   This has been a major cause of failure especially in the last three years when companies' have are trying to reduce the overall cost as much as possible.ConclusionIT/ business alignment is the best system for modern strategic management for effecting change and maximizing profits.   Effective leadership demands that balance is taken to ensure increased focus into the future that will be defined and established on the basis of IT assimilation in the business.Lean management should be assimilated in organizations through IT and business alignment’s as a mode of reducing the overall wasteful systems in its operations.   Businesses should embark on international studies to establish the facts and the vast advantages that are derived from IT alignment in business management operations.

Racism in America related to the book A Raisin in the Sun Essay

Racism in America related to the book A Raisin in the Sun - Essay Example America created the Declaration of Independence in order to gain their freedom from the British, but what Jefferson was referring to had a subtle hint behind it—at that time this freedom could only be truly experience and admired by white men. The black slaves who worked on white men’s farms were treated as items of property and were not thought of as human because of the very fact that they were black. This racism was hidden under the surface and lasted for many years—even after the 16th President of the United States, Abraham Lincoln, freed slaves from their white masters. However, this feeling of racism continued on until Martin Luther King Jr. led African-Americans to fight for their rights through the Civil Rights Movement. The reasons for the formation of this movement are shown in Lorraine Hansberry’s book â€Å"A Raisin in the Sun† (1994). In this book, the author details a story that shows how an African-American family struggles with the i ssues of racism in and around the time of World War II. The racism suffered by this family caused this predominantly poor family, which in total comprised of three generations, to gradually become worse off than they previously were. Their jobs only provided enough money to give them a place to sleep and nothing more. This can be highlighted by the fact that the youngest child was sleeping in the living room, the college daughter had to share a room with her mom, and even their whole family had to share the bathroom with other family members because there was only one throughout the entire house. However, the family had a dream that they would one day live in a house that would have enough space for everyone to live comfortably. The reality is that this dream was not only shared by them; every other black family at that time held onto this same dream. The matriarch of the family, Mama, commented that their ancestors had slaved away so hard for this country during the five previous g enerations, but they have not received anything from this country that can be considered fair and just. One of the most significant moments in the history of black people in the United States was the American Civil War. The underlying reason why the American Civil War occurred between 1861 and 1865 was to free black slaves and give them their freedom. This was what the Abraham Lincoln said; however, the real reason for the war taking place had more to do with the economy. The Southern states contained a great number of black laborers who worked on farms—this had helped their economy experience huge amounts of growth over a long period of time. On the other hand, the lack of slaves in the Northern states had caused their economy to grow at a snail’s pace. This economic imbalance within the United States had started to come to the boil, but only became key economic issue when Mr. Abraham Lincoln proposed a law to set slaves free. As was expected, the Southern states did not take too kindly to this thought, so war occured and it became known as one of the most violent wars of the 19th century. Once the war had ended, the Northern states reaffirmed their belief to make it legal to free all slaves; however, the South fought against these anticipated laws very aggressively. As such, the war didn’t really accomplish everything that it set out to—

African Music (East Africa) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

African Music (East Africa) - Essay Example African music is an art that can be traced way back before the colonial period and has developed to the modern music production, which has been influenced by technology, as well as African and western cultures. These numerous languages come with their cultures in way of life and behavior. However, the dominant languages among them and their environment seem to influence the countries’ cultures and art. The highest percentage of the East African community comprises of Bantu speakers, majorly speaking in Swahili (in Kenya and Tanzania), Ganda in Uganda, and Kinyarwanda and Rundi in Rwanda and Burundi respectively. Swahili is spreading fast across the region, but English and French have increased in popularity among the societies. It has become easy for artists to compose music and poetry in these diverse languages to communicate with people in a much more familiar way; considering there are still native speakers who do not understand official languages of these countries. Vernac ular influence in music: Existence of music in historic times in East Africa can be proven through the evidence of line figure rock art, which showed people playing musical instruments, at least as demonstrated by the rock paintings estimated to have existed over 30,000 years ago, in sites of lake Victoria, Sigindia, and Kondoa districts of Tanzania (Nannyonga-musuza and Solomon 34). In most rural areas, people speaking one language are densely populated in one area, while in cities and towns, the population comprises of people speaking different languages and from different cultural backgrounds. The same thing applies to East Africa, taking an example of Kenya; kikuyu is spoken highly in central Kenya, Kalenjin in the rift valley, Luo in the western parts around L. Victoria, and Cushitic languages on the north eastern part of the country. Kenya has moved ahead investing on media stations that relate to the people in their vernacular languages. The broadcasting stations communicate the messages from the news table and music in the same language. There are broadcasting stations which use official languages (English, Swahili, French, Ganda, Rundi, and Kinyarwanda) for general public communication, but would eventually promote the different cultures and languages in their music, to harmonize these cultures within the society. This promotes distinct peoples’ cultures and artistic works of poetry and music relating to similar issues that the language speakers deal with. Often, the native speakers and their cultures identify themselves by use of certain musical instruments. For example, Ramogi FM and Nam Lolwe FM broadcast in Luo language and the people would want to dance and sing to their musical genre, which uses instruments like nyatiti, traditionally called ‘thum,’ (an 8 stringed traditional instrument played with fingers or plectrum) (â€Å"Prof. Charles Nyakiti,†13). Most of the ethnic groups around Lake Victoria in Uganda and north ern Tanzania use the instrument in traditional music and competition events. The common feature of nyatiti music dancers in East African region is dancing with pride, like an eagle, shaking limbs, shoulders, and fingers. Religion: Individual movements and community settlements in the past enhanced cultural adoption, growth of different faith, and conflicts in East Africa. Music and religion go hand in hand in any part of Africa. Christianity and Islamic religions have been dominant among others, and rely on music to lay out the history and teachings of the religions. During the pre-colonial period, Christianity spread fast in the main lands of East Africa,

Effects of Land Degradation in the Murray-Darling Basin Research Paper

Effects of Land Degradation in the Murray-Darling Basin - Research Paper Example The prevailing climatic conditions are also contributing to Murray-Darling basin reducing in size with each passing day. Desertification is a form of land degradation that mostly affects dry land ecosystems because of both natural and human activities (Dregne n.p). Desertification can be a cumulative effect of deforestation, poor irrigation, overgrazing, droughts, and over-cultivation that can lead to land degradation. Grasslands, savannas, and woodlands are the common indicators to the start of desertification in both arid and semi arid areas. Better-placed examples of these are Taklamakan Desert in China, the Adriatic Sea in Europe and the Sahara desert. One of the major causes of soil erosion is deforestation, as this aspect tends to weaken the soil to an extent that it cannot retain any water. Evaporation easily occurs when the soil is weak and soil erosion is usually rampant in areas near water bodies. Drought is another type of water evaporation, which is relatively a length in time when an area previously experienced rain. In areas where there are soil erosion and drought and to experience high rates of evaporation, making the areas slowly to turn into deserts. When water bodies begin to dry up, then this also becomes a sure sign that the region would eventually turn into a desert. In the end, these regions end up being unstable and can no longer sustain vegetation, human life, and wildlife hence displacing the population due to the land to become less suitable for cultivation (Dregne n.p).

Public law questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Public law questions - Essay Example Further, there are provisions which deal with problems that people may have in respect of a specific issue. The objective of the Act is uphold the principle of best interest for an individual. In addition the Court of Protection would help in complicated positions. The Independent Mental Capacity Advocate (IMCA) service will help persons who do not have any close support network. Further, the Act provides for criminal offence if a person is willfully neglecting someone who lacks capacity. The general application of the Act would be for people over the age of 16 years, however, it may apply to people who are younger. b. There are three parts to the Act. c. There are nine schedules to the Act. d. There are 69 sections in the Act. e. In respect of the Act, except for section 30-41 came into force by way of section 68. By virtue of Mental Capacity Act 2005 (Commencement) (Wales) Order 2007 and subject to Articles 3 and 4, sections 30 to 34 (research) of the Act came into force on 1 Octob er 2007. By way of The Mental Capacity Act 2005 (Commencement No. ... t listed in Article 2(2) also came into force on 1 April 2007 for the purposes of section 44 (ill-treatment or neglect).Section 64 (interpretation) came into force on 1 April 2007 for the purposes of Article 2(1);Article 2(2); and Article 2(3). By way of The Mental Capacity Act 2005 (Commencement No. 2) Order 2007 the following provision came into force on 1 October 2007—sections 5 to 29;sections 45 to 63;sections 65 to 69; and Schedules 1 to 7. The following provisions of the Act, which had already been commenced for limited purposes, came into force on 1 October 2007 for all purposes: section 1 (principles);section 2 (people who lack capacity);section 3 (inability to make decisions);section 4 (best interests);sections 42(4) and (5) (codes of practice); and section 64 (interpretation). f. There have been changes to the Act, which is visible in the annotations. Such changes have been brought about by way of the Mental Health Act 2007. g. There are 19 statutory instruments in r espect of the Act which include statutory instruments of Wales. There are 11 statutory instruments in respect of UK. h. The Code of Practice was issued by the Lord Chancellor on 23rd April 2007. The Code of Practice holds directions in respect of deficiency of liberty safeguards. The particular intention behind the code was guide professional who dealt with administering and providing such safeguards and is under a duty to pay heed to the Code. Further, the intent has been information to be provided by virtue of the Code to people who are or might be deprived of liberty safeguards, and for their families, friends and carers, as well as for anyone who believes that someone is being deprived of their liberty unlawfully. i. The Explanatory Notes of Mental Capacity Act were given Royal Assent on

Has globalization caused the decline of the states economic importance Essay

Has globalization caused the decline of the states economic importance - Essay Example Additionally, with the increased level of information exchange facilitated by modern forms of communication such as the internet, faxes and world audio-visual news reporting on the digital platform, there has been an increase in the number of cross boarder crimes. However, the loss of state economic importance, especially with the increased international trading, regarded as one of the most adverse effects of globalization to countries. While globalization contributes to the expansion and growth of local economies, exposing the local manufacturers to the rest of the world, the reality is that this has had adverse effects on the sovereignty of certain countries. While discussing the contribution of globalization on the decline of the state’s economic importance, this essay will analyze various ways in which globalization has influenced the global economy since the post-world war II era. Sovereignty, defined as the absolute authority over a certain territory stems from the independence of nations. However, various factors challenge this authority. Among these, include the threat of global terrorism, the climate change, and the powers of international organizations and the influence of the global market. Globalization however, is one of the biggest obstacles to the sovereignty of states. Changing concepts of sovereignty in the recent past agree to the existence of pure state sovereignty and human sovereignty. While the pure state sovereignty seeks to protect the interests of the individual state in the international front, human sovereignty protects the interest of the people within a state, which is paramount, and which the state should guarantee (Margdalena, 1996, p.2). Pure state of sovereignty defines a situation where the state directs its political, economic and social life according to its values, free of external influence, pressure or coercion by other state s. Recent

The impact of tobacco smoking on the academic performance Essay

The impact of tobacco smoking on the academic performance - Essay Example The study’s hypothesis is that use of tobacco leads to poor academic performance. The study involves an extensive review of the literature that is associated with this area, and then a primary data collection through face-to-face interview and filling of questionnaires. A total of 40 males students are randomly selected to participate in the study, which takes place at Queens Mary University. The questionnaire and the interview questions are framed in a manner to provide both qualitative and quantitative approach of data analysis. Regression analysis by the use of SPSS is conducted analyses the quantitative data, while the qualitative data is coded and common themes identified. The findings of the study are that the students who have used tobacco for many years score poor grades in their academic work. Some of the reasons identified as the causes of poor academic performance include lack of completion of assignments, absenteeism, poor memory and lack of ability to read. The st udy recommends further research to identify the causation effect of the variables. Key words: Use of tobacco; Addiction; academic performance; cognitive. INTRODUCTION Smoking of tobacco in institutions of higher learning is a common scenario that has caused a lot of concern because of the side effects that are associative with such substances. The impact of smoking in the brain includes occurrence of numerous physical changes, which can significantly impair the process of learning and concentrations hence lower the level of academic performance by in students in the institutions of higher learning. Study conducted by a U.S. Department of Health and Human Services [15] found that smoking of tobacco can have dire consequences on the academic performance of students. Some of the impacts they cited include lower level of concentration and activity, which occurs due to lack of nicotine in the body, for the time that the students stays away from smoking to attend classes; and high rate of absenteeism because the smoker’s immune system is weakened and hence susceptible to myriads of diseases such as asthma, bronchitis, and cold. In view of this, smoking of tobacco is potentially harmful to academic performance. This study will be aimed at identifying the impact of tobacco smoking on the academic performance of the students from Queen Mary University. LITERATURE REVIEW Use of tobacco among university students is a common trend and its impact is potentially hazardous in different ways, including impeding the level of academic performance. Some of the immediate risks include abuse and dependence, as well as numerous others psychological and physical impacts [13]. A study by Jones and Heaven [11] shows that not all smokers experience problems when they engage in smoking, while psychological risk model displays an intricate relationship between personality and individual factors, drug-taking behavior, and family and environmental factors. Lynskey et al. [14] and Ha n, McGue and Iacono [7] demonstrated that social and environmental factors rather than genetic factors influence use of substances. Most of the researchers in this field have cited common risk factors such as delinquent peers, depressive symptomatology, family functioning, child abuse, parenting style and expectancies, substance using, and antisocial behavior [e.g. 9]. It is also believed that use of substances can increase the risk of taking harmful drugs. The theory of gateway explains how the successive use of a particular substance to another is attained, but the issues of causal attribution and the exact sequencing are still not clear and further research is needed to shed more light [12]. Use of substances from very early ages has been associated with poor academic performa

International Business Enviroment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

International Business Enviroment - Essay Example This paper discusses one of the two world organizations- World Trade Organization. It starts off with a brief introduction about its history and evolution and then explains what roles the WTO plays overall. The paper then talks about its chosen policies and how they have affected the trade scenario etc of the entire world wherever they have been put to effect. This can be both negative and positive. In conclusion, the paper highlights the inter-relationships between International Monetary Fund and the World Trade Organization. It also talks about what relationship other organizations like The World Bank have in common with the WTO. This basically will form the conclusion part of this paper.Before WTO was formed, there was another trade organization in working. This was called GATT or the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade. This organization was also responsible to look after trade issues occurring throughout the world. However, it did not much relate itself to other things like e nvironmental concerns, consumer protection etc which now WTO does.GATT made available rules and guidelines that were basic to the trade system and hence there were many agreements that took place because of the help of GATT. However, the evolution of GATT several times, made way to the birth of a new and improved "GATT version" of a trade organization called the World Trade Organization.GATT used to deal and address all issues related to the trade of goods only or tangible items. WTO, however as a trade organization looks after all sorts of trade commodities that include tangible items and services. Even intellectual property, like logos, inventions, creations, concepts, designs etc are things that WTO now handles which GATT never did. This evolution of a trade organization from GATT to WTO in 1995 was important and has helped the trade scenario by immense ratios. (Press Release- World Trade Organization Web site, 1997) History: The World Trade Organization started off in 1995. WTO is basically a set of principles which govern how trade is done throughout the world. Many countries settle their arguments and reach agreements through consensus through the forum that is provided by this organization. This basically helps in reducing and even eliminating completely any obstacles that come when countries are interacting to do trade with each other. Before WTO, there was GATT another free trade organization but this was more temporary than WTO. GATT was established during the Second World War and many tariff reductions etc are said to be the result of GATT. However, eventually due to a few shortcomings, GATT was replaced with WTO. (Pascal Lamy's Speech, 31 May 2007). The world trade organization is one of the newest organizations that function on an international level. (World Trade Organization Web site, 2005) Roles: There are many roles and duties this organization carries out for the benefit of the entire world's trade related issues and functioning. First and foremost, WTO is a trade organization and hence is responsible for reducing any trade barriers that can make countries do less trade with each other. Boost of trade hence can be said to be the biggest role of the World Trade Organization. It carries out The WTO functions as the principal international body concerned with joint discussions to reduce trade barriers and to make sure negotiations take place so that there is healthy competition throughout the world. Liberalization of trade and world trade in specific is its basic aim, so that there is economic development and prosperity through trade throughout. (FAS Web site, 2004). Other roles besides the facilitation of trade by WTO are also present and are prominent things as its duties. These include

English class Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

English class - Essay Example Alcohol also served as a source of important nutrients and was widely used for antiseptic and medicinal purpose. Apart from alcohol serving as a nutrient source, it also served as a thirst quencher and played an important function in enhancing the quality of life and enjoyment. In this case, it facilitated relaxation and increased appetite for food. While alcohol has been beneficial to many in the past and even today, alcohol has been misused by a minority of drinkers (United States 43). The misuse of alcohol in most of the countries has necessitated the drafting of laws to regulate the consumption of alcohol. These laws, according to a number of writers and scholars, were drafted with minors in mind. Most of the countries in the world, have Alcoholic Drinks laws that demand a lot of regulations from the stakeholders in the brewing and alcohol consumption sector. All these laws all over the world have one clause in common that, there is a right age to consume alcohol. Majority of cou ntries prefer 18 years and others 17 years. However, the United State of America, puts the minimum age at which one can consume alcohol at 21 years (United States 56). The reasons why the law makers put the minimum alcohol consumption age at 21 years has generated heated debate. ... In this sense, it was clear that, the national law prohibited public possession and purchase of alcoholic beverages but it failed to address the fact that persons under the age of 21 should not drink. This gap came about because â€Å"The National Minimum Drinking Age Act of 1984† defined the term â€Å"public possession,† but indicated that it did not apply in a number of place. The first place was in an established religious function where the minor, was accompanied by a parent or guardian who was 21 years and above. The second case was when alcohol was consumed for medical purposes prescribed by a licensed dentists, physician, nurse, medical institution or hospital (United States 34). The third one was in private clubs and finally, in the lawful employment by a licensed retailer, wholesaler or manufacturer. The law did not achieve its main objective because minors took advantage of the gaps and abused alcohol. The question why the law put the minimum drinking age at 21, was posed to the main lawmakers who drafted the law. Their response was that they aimed to reduce the number of car accidents caused by drunk drivers. The youth have condemned this response and called upon law makers to have put the age at 18 years because at this age, one is mature to make decisions. The United States law on elections put the age at which one can vote to be 18 years. The reason behind the age being 18 years was that an individual was mature enough to make an informed decision. In a similar manner, â€Å" National Minimum Drinking Age Act of 1984† failed to recognize that the same individual who could make an informed political decision, could also decide whether to drink or not (United States 77). Many arguments

The Energy of the Future Essay Example for Free

The Energy of the Future Essay Alternative fuels are simply non-petroleum energy sources that are used to substitute petroleum products in supplying energy for engines while providing environmental benefits (DOE, 2005). The search for these fuels is the current trend since it is projected that fossil fuels, the source of petroleum products, would run out in the near future. Year 2005 was predicted as the peak of world oil production, after which, the world oil production would decline. By 2030, it is predicted that world oil production would be the same as the production before 1980; the only difference is that the population is higher thus the demand would be greater. This would then mean that there would be higher prices of oil products; thus the search for alternative fuels is essential (Life After the Oil Crash). In addition, the degradation of the environment calls for these alternatives to impede the possible series of catastrophic events One alternative fuel being widely promoted is the Biodiesel. It is a renewable fuel made from agricultural sources such as animal fat and vegetable oils. This is produced through the transesterification of the base oil by reacting it with an industrial alcohol and a catalyst to convert it to a fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) fuel. In its pure form, also known as B100 or neat diesel, it is capable of powering an ordinary diesel engine, however, some blends are also produced such as the B5 (5% biodiesel and 95% diesel) and the B20 (20% biodiesel and 80% diesel). Most present diesel engines are compatible with running on biodiesel, however, manufacturer specifications should still be considered to avoid warranty violations. In terms of performance, biodiesel is comparable with ordinary diesel; though it has 2-8% less fuel economy, it gives better engine performance and lubrication (US EPA, 2006). Another alternative being promoted due to its potential and environment friendliness is the Hydrogen and the Fuel cell. Hydrogen is the most abundant and simplest element on earth; however, it is usually bonded with other elements to form other things such as water (H2O), hydrocarbons (CH4) and other organic matter making it unavailable (EERE, 2007). On the other hand, fuel cells are electrochemical devices that produce electricity by combining hydrogen or other hydrogen-containing fuels and oxygen. In contrast to batteries, fuel cells are different since it requires a continuous source of external fuel (OEE, 2007). The electricity produced will be used to power the engine. However, hydrogen is bulky and has a small amount of energy per volume; this means that storage techniques of this fuel are critical to its success. But still, hydrogen as a fuel is efficient since it is clean burning and fuel cell vehicles have a potential higher efficiency compared to gasoline vehicles (about 2-3 times more) (EERE, 2007). Another alternative fuel is the electricity. Electric vehicles have long been in use by some countries; however, it gained low popularity due to its disadvantages like higher cost, the size and weight of the battery, short distance covered and long charging time. Nevertheless, the search for alternative fuels has shifted the attention back to electric cars due to its environmental friendliness and its potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Researches are on their way to develop the battery system of the vehicle such that lighter and smaller batteries that could enable the car to reach almost 300 kilometers on one charging and last for 5-10 years could power the vehicle at acceleration and speeds similar to gasoline powered vehicles (OEE, 2007). The 2008 Tesla Roadster Electric Vehicle is a very interesting vehicle. It runs purely on electricity, can reach 60 mph in 3. 9 seconds, has a 135 mpg equivalent, covers 220 miles per charge, consumes less than $0. 02 per mile and has a built-in battery charging system that can be plugged into an outlet (Tesla Motors, 2008). Though this car is very interesting, I would not opt to buy this because it is very limited and has a selling price of $109,000. I think these are the reason why there still few of these around; they are very costly and are very limited. References Department of Energy. (2005). Alternative Fuels. Retrieved June 4, 2008, from http://www. doe. gov. ph/AF/Alternative%20Fuels. htm Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. (2007, November 20). Hydrogen. Retrieved June 4, 2008, from http://www. eere. energy. gov/afdc/fuels/hydrogen. html Life After the Oil Crash. Are We Running Out? I Thought There Was 40 Years of the Stuff Left. Retrieved June 4, 2008, from http://www. lifeaftertheoilcrash. net/ Office of Energy Efficiency. (2007, April 16). Fuel Cells and Hydrogen. Retrieved June 4, 2008, from http://www. oee. nrcan. gc. ca/transportation/fuels/hydrogen-fuelcells/hydrogen. cfm? attr=8 Tesla Motors. (2008). The 2008 Tesla Roadster. Retrieved June 4, 2008, from http://www. teslamotors. com/ US Environmental Protection Agency. (2006, October). Biodiesel. Retrieved June 4, 2008, from http://www. epa. gov/smartway/growandgo/documents/factsheet-biodiesel. htm

Egypt’s Culture and Political System Essay Example for Free

Egypt’s Culture and Political System Essay The Egyptian culture is considered one of the oldest cultures in human history. Surprisingly, it almost has some of gender equality except that it needs more to consider, in order achieving the third Millennium Development Goal, which talks of achieving gender equity/equality and women empowerment by 2015. I would recommend that the Egyptian constitution considers enacting and/or passing several legislations in favor of women and as well give recognition to the informal market sector, where bulks of the women are making meaningful contribution to the economy. I would also recommend that this ancient nation and culture acknowledges the home, where the men considerably have all the major decision making powers. I am of the conviction that women make sound and major decisions as well and can provide better and transformation ideas, realizing the remarkably undeniable work of the women of Liberia during the civil war. I believe that if our generation begins to identify the errors of past generations, relative to gender-related issues, and if we address those issues in more formal ways by beginning to give women their rightful places in society; ensuring that opportunities and privileges are equally and equitably distributed, our world can be the most enjoyable place even for generations unborn. In an effort to do this, we must begin with an identification of the problems as stated above, discuss them thoroughly as a way of enabling us to craft or design ideas that would amicably resolve them for the better of our general world, beginning with the Egyptian society. In Egypt the political system of policies and regulations of its political structure is based on its fundamental laws and practices. Most of which shows how the Egyptian government positions its power on the state and the society it governs. Egypt started out being a Republic adopting a democratic system. This system  defines the way i n which it uses its public authority. There are basically six parts to this system. The first is the constitutional system. There was a constitution of the Arab Republic of Egypt in 1971 that was used but then had a written amendment to it in 1980. The actual amendment had commonality in the English Common Law which came from the Napoleonic Code. It simply explains that Egypt declares it’s self as an Arab Republic with a democratic system. The second part is called the Executive Branch. The president is called the Head of State. The head of state is selected by a minimum one-third majority of the Majlis ash-Sha’ab, which is the â€Å"People’s Assembly. The People’s Assembly must approve by a minimum of two-thirds and have to be elected by a majority referendum. The election term is for six years with the possibility for re-election with conditional reasons for return. Putting into to play the general state policy is made up and supervised by the Head of State. He also rules the Armed Force. The last elected president of the republic was Mohammed Hosni Mubarak. The supreme executive and administrative organ of the State is the government; they are comprised of the Council of Ministers. This is ruled by the Prime Minister and he is the overseer of the work of the government. The highest part of the government is the Executive and administrative part of the Egyptian Republic is the Council of Ministers. The Ministers are together responsible for the policy and procedure of the State before the Peoples Assembly, every Minister is responsible for the performance of his Ministry and is held to accountability to do so. The Parliament has great power as well. They have the power to withdraw confidence from the Cabinet or from any Cabinet member and leave them powerless. The fourth part of this system is the Legislative Branch. This branch of the Egyptian Parliament is a reflection in character and consists of the Peoples Assembly, or Majlis El-Shaab and the Advisory Council or Majlis El-Shourah. â€Å"The Peoples Assembly is the legislative branch of the State consisting of 444 directly elected members and 10 members appointed by the President, who serve for a term of five years. It has the power to approve the general policy, new laws, the budget and the development plans of the government. It also has the authority to undertake investigations and to levy taxes, besides appointing the Presidential candidate and passing a vote of no-confidence in the cabinet. The Advisory Council with 140 members, out of which 70 members  are nominated by the President, is Egypts consultative council. It offers advices and consultation and proposes to the Assembly new laws and regulations† (Haas, F. 2008). The fifth part of the system is the Judicial Branch. The Judicial branch System was brought into the country introduced into the country in 1854 and predicated on the English common law, Islamic law, and Napoleonic codes system to go through for four categories of courts of justic e. Almost like the United States the highest judicial body is the Supreme Constitutional Court, the Court of Cessation. There are seven courts of Appeal in the various systems, and the Summary Tribunals in the districts are the principal court system in Egypt. It guarantees the independence of the judicial system. The fifth system is the Party of Power. This system is ruled on a multi-party system. â€Å"The Law 40 of 1977 regulates the development of political parties in Egypt. Though there is currently 17 active political parties representing various stands across the political spectrum, the law prohibits the creation of religious-based political parties in the state. Presently the National Democratic Party holds the majority of seats in the Peoples Assembly† (History. 2012). The sixth system is the local government. This is headed by a Governor who is appointed by the President which is very different as to how they are selected in the US. â€Å"Egypt is administratively divided into 26 Governorates. Within their districts, local government units establish and run all public utilities, prov ide services and designate industrial areas. Working closely at various levels with local government is the Local Popular Councils. The basics: Egypt is a large, mostly Arab, mostly Muslim country. At around 80 million people, it has the largest population in the Middle East and the third-largest in Africa. Most of Egypt is in North Africa, although the part of the country that borders Israel, the Sinai Peninsula, is in Asia. Its other neighbors are Sudan to the South, Libya to the West, and Saudi Arabia across the Gulf of Aqaba to the East. It has been was ruled by Hosni Mubarak since from 1981 until February 11th†( Pew Research Center 2011, November 17). As to what is going on today in Egypt. There has been fierce protest in Egypt that has been promoted by the recent protests in which led to the fall of the Tunisian government as well as getting rid of longtime Tunisian dictator Zine El Abidine Ben Ali. The Egyptians have gathered momentum to get support of other protesters across the Arab world in Algeria, notably in  protesting their autocratic governments, high levels of corruption, and grinding pove rty. This is a big reason Why Egyptians unhappy and disturbed about the government. They feel they have no basic freedom than Tunisians. â€Å"Egypt is ranked 138th of 167 countries on The Economists Democracy index, a widely accepted measure of political freedom. That ranking puts Egypt just seven spots ahead of Tunisia. And Egyptians are significantly poorer than their cousins to the west† (Mislan, D. 2012). How did this all start? These protests started with the protests in Tunisia. Just like their Tunisian counterparts, â€Å"Egyptian protesters have pointed to a specific incident as inspiration for the unrest. Many have cited the June 2010 beating death of Khaled Said, allegedly at the hands of police, as motivation for their rage. But its also clear that the issues here are larger† (Prager, D. 2012). This seems to be complicated for the US more than Tunisia was. The â€Å"Tunisian regime was a key ally for the US in the fight against Al Qaeda. But the US governments t ies to Tunisias Ben Ali pale in comparison to American ties to Egypt. Shadi Hamid of the Brookings Institution, a centrist think tank, explains: Predictions that a Tunisia-like uprising will soon topple Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak are premature the Egyptian regime, with its well-paid military, is likely to be more unified and more ruthless than its Tunisian counterparts were. The U.S. is the primary benefactor of the Egyptian regime, which, in turn, has reliably supported American regional priorities. After Iraq, Afghanistan, and Israel, Egypt is the largest recipient of U.S. assistance, including $1.3 billion in annual military aid. In other words, if the army ever decides to shoot into a crowd of unarmed protestors, it will be shooting with hardware provided by the United States. As Steven Cook of the Council on Foreign Relations points out, the Egyptian military is not there to project power, but to protect the regime (History. 2012)†. There was a movement started in Egypt called the Egyptian Movement for Change (EMC). It also has another name called, Kefaya which in English means â€Å"Enough†. This came about in 2004. Almost immediately its importance to Egyptian political life was recognized, though not understood. Both Egyptian and Western analysts have mischaracterized the movement. Interpretations have been too narrow, focusing on specific details and ignoring the movement’s broad vision, or too broad, mistaking Kefaya for a generic social movement in the Western mode. All such approaches fail to  appreciate Kefaya’s real contribution. This essay argues that Kefaya’s significance lies in its transformative potential as a broad political force that is uniquely suited to the needs of the moment in Egypt. It is at once a cross-ideological force that has the potential, in the long run, of creating a new mainstream and a movement of a new kind that is creating a distinctive and promis ing form of politics for Egypt. Egypt’s political system has reached a dead end in the early twenty-first century. The opposition political parties are locked in their headquarters, unable to communicate with the public. Virtually acquiescing to the siege of an arsenal of restrictive laws, these political parties have for years suffered from an increasingly diminishing membership, a lack of operational funds, and internecine internal feuds. The â€Å"illegality† of the Muslim Brothers (MB) has paradoxically liberated that organization from restrictions that come with governmental licensing. However, the ideology, posture, secrecy, and political tactics of the grassroots-based MB engender the mistrust of many political forces, including some Islamists. At the same time, the secularist-Islamist polarization hinders the possibility of reaching any meaningful consensus on critical issues. This blockage is not lost on the regime, the clear beneficiary of such divisions among its adversaries, and it does not augur well for the future of the brothers in a lead role in shaping Egyptian political life. Amid this political disarray, a new generation of Egyptians holds the promise for transforming politics in Egypt. They have found a home and an instrument in Kefaya and in the process have invented a new form of politics. Their innovations are historically grounded on the specifics of Egypt’s political life in recent decades. Unique Egyptian circumstances have shaped their experiences, aspirations, and vision for the future. With the seething political discontent on the one hand and the ideologically based mistrust and mutual exclusion among the political forces on the other, Egypt needs today, more than ever, a new form of politics that pulls together diverse ideas from across the political spectrum to forge a new national project. For more than a decade, a group of activists and intellectuals have interacted across ideological lines to reach a common ground. Kefaya emerged as one manifestation of these efforts and as an important illustration of the possibilities of this new politics.  While such collaborative work across ideological lines is not unique in democratic experiences around the world, Kefaya represents the first successful effort of that sort in modern Egyptian politics. This essay, based on primary sources, including open-ended interviews, statements, newspaper articles, and reports, as well as unpublished documents, is composed of three main parts. The first part explains in more detail the reasons why Kefaya has been widely mischaracterized; the second illustrates why and how Kefaya represents a new force with the potential of creating a new mainstream; and the third explores the new politics invented by Kefaya. There has been Misunderstanding Kefaya Since its early days, there have been various critical interpretations of Kefaya by politicians and intellectuals alike, at times citing deficiencies in the movement’s profile, actions, and approach, while at other times dismissing the movement outright as being a â€Å"foreign puppet† or the pastime of â€Å"a bunch of kids.† The most serious and widely noted critique of Kefaya is that it has been essentially a mere protest movement, targeting President Mubarak personally, without putting forward an alternative candidate or articulating a constructive vision for political transformation. The critique along these lines has gained more momentum since the 2005 presidential election. Because Kefaya’s main slogan expressed the rejection of a fifth term for Mubarak as well as the succession of his son, the argument goes that Kefaya lost its raison d’etre with the end of the election. â€Å"Except for rejecting the election results, symbolized by the slogan of ‘Batel’, nothing new was produced.† When Kefaya played a leading role in the formation of the National Front for Change on the eve of the subsequent parliamentary elections, it was criticized as passing the torch to the old opposition parties, the very same entities whose inaction it has been formed to face. (Haas, F. 2008)†.The EMC had been â€Å"dragged into sitting together with the leaders of the tamed opposition, instead of putting forward a demand for changing the electoral system.† While critics clearly question Kefaya’s contribution to Egyptian politics, even the more positive assessments of the EMC mischaracterize it. For example, the American Left sees Kefaya as the beginning of â€Å"the process of rebuilding an Egyptian Left crushed by decades of police oppression† and a reverse of its â€Å"political marginalization caused by the rise of political Islam (Haas, F. 2008)†. Some Egyptian analysts as well characterize Kefaya  as a â€Å"secular† protest movement and thereby implicitly expect its role to be the containment of the Islamists. Kefaya has been so widely misunderstood in the West as well as among the Western-educated elite in Egypt because of the reliance on Western social scientific classifications, notably the social movement literature, to make sense of a phenomenon emerging from the very different Egyptian context. This shortcoming is compounded by looking at Kefaya with an ideologically selective eye. While Kefaya has indeed demonstrated several of the characteristics highlighted in the literature on new social movements, it is neither single issue oriented nor concerned with identity two of the most important features of new social movements. Shoehorning Kefaya into a category derived from the experience of postindustrial societies obscures more than it illuminates. Nevertheless, the concept of the new social movement comes closest to capturing certain features of Kefaya. The movement is one of dissent, aiming in a constant and persistent endeavor toward the transformation of Egypt.4 It is a loose network of small groupings around the country. Like social movements, it aims at generating public attention and has emerged from a realization of the perils involved in conventional party politics in Egypt, marked by debilitating restrictions and dilemmas. In other words, Kefaya emerges out of realization that the institutional channels are neither neutral nor amenable to the demands for change. However, unlike conventional social movements and because of the specific necessities of the Egyptian context, Kefaya is not focused on a single issue. The same, incidentally, is true of the Islamic movement whose platform also embraces a range of issues. In addition to the breadth of the issues addressed by Kefaya, the movement is ideologically diverse. In this way, it differs from the Islamic movement. While the latter has a concrete ideology shaping its project, Kefaya goes beyond any single ideology to be the only movement in contemporary Egypt that emerged out of serious political interactions across ideological lines. Approaching Kefaya through the prism of the social movement literature, with its American scholarship emphasis on resource mobilization and political processes, blinds analysis to this distinctive feature, which is in fact one of the most important contributions of Kefaya to Egypt’s political life. There is concern about the momentum behind Egypt’s emergency law, and what it means for progress both the incredible progress that has already been  made and the equally incredible progress that has yet to be made. There is concern about the treatment and status of the Copts and other members of the Christian Egyptian minority. There is concern about the security of the Egyptian–Israeli border and about relations between the two countries in general. There is concern that the progress that has been made thus far could actually lead to a reversal of Egypt’s progress, should the freedom to elect lead to a government that constricts the freedom of the Egyptian people even more than we have seen over the past 30 years And the list could go on. Indeed, there is no shortage of things about which to worry. There is a fine line between worrying and believing. Similarly, there is a fine line between two, seemingly contradictory, truths: Some degree of discontent with our present circumstances is healthy and necessary, because discontent fuels progress; at the same time, being happy requires that we make a point of being happy wherever we are. There is a fine and difficult line between making the best of our current reality and not giving up. It is necessary to think through all possible outcomes, including the undesirable and even the remote ones. Both worrying and believing are the result of thinking. Worry and anxiety result from focusing on undesirable outcomes no matter how probable or improbable. Belief, on the other hand, is the result of focusing on the best possible outcomes again, no matter how probable or improbable. Whereas worrying fuels panic and skepticism, believing fuels faith and hope. Positive action rarely results from the chaos, fear, or feelings of scarcity that often accompany worry. Faith and hope lead to trust and courage; and trust and courage lead to positive, prosaically action. So, yes, there does seem to be a great deal to worry about right now. Even still, if theres even the remotest possibility that believing instead of worrying will lead to continued progress, and then it seems to me that believing is what we have to do. Positive Psychology has been described by Martin Seligman and others as the science of what makes life worth living; of what is working for individuals, families, communities, and society more broadly. The Positive Psychology experiment with which we are now charged is to, together, choose belief over worry. At least between now and Egypts presidential election, let us together make a conscious, deliberate decision to focus on what is working and how it can lead to the best possible future for Egypt and for the world as a whole. References Mislan, D. (2012). Cross Cultural Perspectives. San Diego, CA: Bridgepoint Education, Inc. Haas, F. (2008). German Science and Black RacismRoots of the Nazi Holocaust. FASEB Journal, 22(2), 332-337. History. (2012). Germany Country Review, 7-14. Ninkovich, F. (2001). The United States and Imperialism. Wiley-Blackwell. Pew Research Center. (2011, November 17). The American-Western European Values Gap. Retrieved fromhttp://www.pewglobal.org/2011/11/17/the-american-western-european-values-gap/ Prager, D. (2012). Still the Best Hope: Why the World Needs American Values to Triumph. HarperCollins.

Communication in the International Trade Environment

Communication in the International Trade Environment Communication consists of so many dimensions and is a very complex subject. While discussing communication, one has to look at several aspects regarding the subject. You have to identify different skills, components and challenges in the environment of communication, though it doesnt end there. A communication line also goes beyond the borders of your business and stretch to international companies. To successfully trade across international borders, you have to analyse the country and culture of the people whom you are trading with. You have to get a feeling for the way they do business and also for customs or manners that could offend them. People from a different background will feel honoured and will be much more open to business if they can see that you respect their ways. Because of this reason, it is also critical to look at the importance of multicultural communication in international trade. Looking at aspects such as marketing, logistics finance and payment, we discuss the important role that communication plays in todays businesses. 1.1 The importance of communication in the international trade environment To communicate is to live. It plays such a vital role in our daily existence that we can do nothing without it, but just as important as it is in our daily existence, the more so vital it is in the business environment because if the communication lines between your business and those of your partners isnt open and up to standard, it could mean the financial ruin of both entities (RANI). Communication is the successful transition of information through a common system of symbols, signs, behaviours, speech, writing or signals. (ITRISA, 2010:30). To implement successful lines of communication in your business, you have to look at all the components mentioned above. 1.1.1 The components of communication According to ITRISA, communication is made up of three components, each one just as important as the other. We look at verbal, written and non-verbal communication to grasp the importance of this complex subject. Verbal or spoken communication is important because that is the quickest way to portray your ideas and hear other peoples. It also provides room for discussion. On the other hand, it can be very difficult to arrange because of the distances between partners. It is not sufficient as means of communication because people can read just as much in the things you dont say but show. This is known as non-verbal communication and helps when words just arent enough to express yourself. Non-verbal communication is reflected in your body language and this can cause confusion. It is very important to do research before communicating face to face with people from other cultures. Your use of personal space, for example, may be offensive to them. This is a very difficult component to exerc ise and should be regarded as one of the most important factor to consider in the relationship between you and your business partners in a other country. Written communication is a very easy way to communicate less important aspects of a deal but should not be used in midst of a crisis, when problems need to be sorted out quickly and with no misunderstandings. More important decisions regarding the deal should be on paper to insure a permanent record of the agreement between the two parties. In todays corporate environment, electronic communication also takes up a major part of the methods companies use. These are just the main methods of communicating. Numerous other means of communication exists and in the end, companies should decide which method might fulfil their needs best. It should be noted that every method of communication has its own advantages but also disadvantages. The main goal when choosing a method should be the success of the deal. The method which will best fit target should be chosen in the end. Once you understand the critical importance of these components, you can start looking communication in the corporate environment. 1.1.2 Communication in the international corporate environment. Communication between employees of the same company is important. Francis Jock takes it even so far as to say that the skill of communication -or the absence thereof- can cause a business to either be successful or to fail. Let us assumes the lines are already in order. To communicate with people from another corporation tends to be slightly more difficult because other corporations may do business in a whole other way. Business partners from other environments are out of your control and are unpredictable (ITRISA: 2010, 25). A general segmentation of the kind of entities one might have to work with can be private companies, government organisations or foreign entities. For the purpose of this essay, we look particularly at the communication between you and a foreign entity. To make successful business deals, employees administering the deals between businesses of different cultural background need to understand the importance of multicultural communication. (HINNER: 2010) According to Hofstede (2001) culture consists of five dimensions. Each dimension is just as important as the other. The first dimension is uncertainty avoidance. This describes the certain cultures need to point out exact details of the transaction so that the risk of failure is minimised. Another dimension is power distance. This refers to the way people of different positions in community, treats each other. In one culture, people might be treated as exact equals while in other cultures, people in higher positions will not be treated as, say a general worker. Aggressiveness discusses the gap between genders in the business environment. Cultures might also adopt either a long or short term orientation. A Long term orientated culture will typically show casual, laid- back manners in dealings and might not be too hasty in closing a deal while the short term orientated culture will do exactly the opposite. Individualism or collectivism is the last dimension identified by Hostede (2001) . This dimension describes the cultures preferences when it comes to working in groups or as individuals. It is very important to keep these dimensions in mind when dealing with other cultures as this could mean either success or failure. 1.2. The Role communication plays in the International Trade Environment. The role of communication in the international trade environment is so important that many studies have been committed to emphasizing and analysing this role. Models to help companies interpret communication in their daily business environment have been created. Databases, statistics and other information has been collected on this subject (GRIFFITH: 2002). It is difficult to ignore the role of communication. According to ITRISA, communication plays a big role in three main aspects of the general business. A discussion of logistics, marketing, finance and payment, follows. 1.2.1. Logistics Though there are many events that can happen which a company has no control over, the role of human error in logistics are a major problem. Communicating various details about a consignment and its shipping specifications is a major part of the success of the business deal. Employees need to make sure that both ends of the partners understand each other when making decisions about the obligations regarding delivery, the costs each partner is liable to carry and freight insurance. To achieve a clear understanding of the responsibilities of each party, there should be good communication between the importer, exporter, inspection officers, and various banks involved, customs authority in both countries, agents and insurers. 1.2.2. Financing and payment of international trade deals Without funds and the proper management necessary, international trade will not be possible. Before entering in a contract with the other company, you have to make sure that the financing on your side is guaranteed. To acquire this financing, proposals to your financer and motivation behind your proposed deals have to be in order. Only after this, you can commit yourself to a partnership with the foreign company. Once this partnership has been established, the two businesses should communicate so that they will be aware of their exact obligations regarding payment, due dates for this payments, the manner in which funds will be forwarded etc. It is important to verify these details so that the financial risk regarding the deal can be minimised. 1.2.3 Marketing Marketing must be the most essential of the three roles because without marketing, you cannot create a market for your product. Without this market, there would be no demand for your product and therefore, no international trade. A company should communicate with affiliates in other countries, get information from them and get to know their clients. One should be very careful not to offend potential customers and thereby stopping the deal even before it could realise. The absence of communication in marketing had previously led to many business deals gone wrong and it is important to get to know the culture of prospecting clients before trying to sell something to them.

Special Effects Essay example -- essays research papers

Special Effects Special effects in motion pictures has evolved over the years into an involved science of illusion and visual magic. The following is a comprehensive perspective depicting the rapidly expanding realm of cinematography. In times of old, special effects in movies was limited to an individual's creativity and the constrictive limits of the tools available. However the results of early special effects masters astounded audiences in their age in the same manner that modern artists do today. The ability to create an effect that was brand new was, and still is, the key to the industry. Techniques range from the expected to the bizarre in order to achieve a certain image or illusion. Cinematographers in the early fifties would use a black cloth backdrop with white paint splattered off of toothpicks to simulate a space scene in the many science-fiction movies made in that era. There is also stories of a common plate being thrown across a "space" backdrop to emulate a flying saucer in mid-flight. Although the special effects persons of old were strapped with limits, one of these was not make-up. They relied heavily on this prop to portray the many monsters and aliens in their films. "Nosferatu" a German film about the vampire with the same name was a huge success even in America, where thousands marveled at the intricate detailing of the blood-sucker's razor-like teeth, bulging eyes and a pointed nose and ears. "The Creature from the Black Lagoon" used a somewhat new technique of a body suit that the actor wore along with a mask made of latex rubber and foam. Using cooking oil or butter spread on the body and mask gave an enhancement of sliminess added to the monster image. A fairly recent film using heavy make-up effects is "An American Werewolf in London" done by the master make-up artist Rick Baker who shows what can be done with a steady hand and a lot of patience. Another popular trick used was strings to manipulate miniature objects. Often used in the science fiction era to show spacecraft or other objects in flight was thin strings attached to miniatures. Audiences did notice the obvious strings but it did not matter at the time because it was state of the art. The next major breakthrough in the effects world was stop-motion animation. A process by which objects were... ...l effects has come. The computer age has touched the movie world and made a huge impact. Literally anything is possible with the assistance of computers. Using software and hardware costing in the hundreds of thousands of dollars, 3D mesh object renderings are leaving all other techniques in the past. CGI, which stands for Computer Generated Imaging, is the latest way to get exactly what movie companies want in their films. Flawless in appearance and challenging actual objects the viewer is often left flustered as to if what they are seeing is real or computer generated. Industry giants in this latest technique include Lucas' ILM as well as Pacific Data Images. Movies using mainly CGI include, "Independence Day", "Terminator 2" and, of course, "Jurassic Park". Special effects have played an essential role in the motion picture experience for over 70 years and with good reason. Whether it be a plate being thrown across the screen or a computer generated Star Destroyer, a clay ape on a cardboard Empire State Building or a T-Rex smacking his head on the side of your jeep, the art of movie illusion will only cease to grow when our minds do.

Hatchet :: essays research papers

I read a Book called Hatchet. Brian Robeson had divorced parents, goes on a flight to see his father in the Canadian wilderness. This is Brains first time in an airplane. He explains this to the pilot and tells him that he is scared. The pilot feels sorry for Brian and decides to show him that flying is not hard. He lets Brian take the steering control and lets him steer for awhile. Just when Brian thinks that everything is going well, the pilot has a heart attack and dies. Brian knows he must land the plane himself or die. He tries to use the radio, but it diddn't work. He knows that if he hits the trees he can die. So he decides to land in the water of a lake. When he lands in the water. He gets out through a window. He sat on the bank of the lake for a while to rest. Brian knew he needed food and shelter to survive so he left to find both. He diddn't want to go too far from the lake where his water was, or he might get lost. He found a cherry tree and he ate some because he was hungry. He filled his windbreaker with cherries to eat later and then found a cave to stay in. He slept good, but in the morning when he woke up, he saw a bear in the cave. He was scared, because the bear was only about 20 feet away eating his cherries out of his windbreaker. The bear only looked at Brian and then left. The cherries must have been enough to full him up. The discovery of how to make a fire was very important to Brains survival. He needed to have a fire at the front of the cave to protect him from wild animals, and to signal for help.A porcupine came into his cave. It was dark in the cave and he heard something moving. He knew it was alive, but he diddn't know what it was. So he kicked it. Then the quills shot into his foot and then he knew it was a porcupine. He was in hurt, and knew he could not touch it. He threw his hatchet, and it hit the rock of the cave instead of the porcupine, and it made a spark. He knew how to make the spark.

Economic growth in Botswana :: essays research papers

I recently had the pleasure of listening to Dr. Scott Beaulier speak on his research on the reasons why the small and desolate country of Botswana has had such drastic economic growth in the last 30 years. Dr. Beaulier partook in what is called an analytic narrative, which is the act of learning about a country by going there and totally immersing ones self in their economy and way of life as to experience it all first hand. This helped him with his research. Botswana is a small country roughly the size of Texas with 1.7 million inhabitants. Nearly 80 percent of Botswana is the Kalihari desert. This makes Botswana a sub-Saharan, land locked country. Many economists believe in the geography hypothesis, which states that countries that are northern and near water will prosper, while those that are southern and land locked will most likely struggle. Botswana broke this hypothesis, being both southern and land locked. Botswana, unlike many neighboring countries, pursued a sound economic policy, favoring free trade, a free market, and a limited government. There was no military presence in Botswana till 1976. With no military presence, Botswana could grow without the need of military spending. Botswana also relied on their traditional customs, even in post colonial periods. Botswana had a pre-colonial institution called the Kgotlas that consisted of chiefs from various regions of the country. These chiefs would hold basically what was consider ed a town council with all the tribesmen to discuss issues. The chiefs took complaints constructively and worked to better the situation. This form of government set Botswana aside from many other African countries. Botswana was colonized by Great Britain in the 1880’s in an attempt to prevent to German, who had colonized neighboring Namibia, from tapping into South Africa’s diamond source. Great Britain was reluctant to colonize Botswana, due to its lack of favorable geographic qualities. In 1965, Botswana was established as an independent state. A major leader that emerged to lead Botswana was a man by the name of Comma. He married a white woman by the name of Ruth Wilson. He was a very lenient ruler, and tried to establish a successful country. He allowed refugees in from neighboring countries. He believed that no defense was the best defense. He figured that if his country was invaded, one of the major world powers would come to his aid. Therefore he had no military to spend money on. Economic growth in Botswana :: essays research papers I recently had the pleasure of listening to Dr. Scott Beaulier speak on his research on the reasons why the small and desolate country of Botswana has had such drastic economic growth in the last 30 years. Dr. Beaulier partook in what is called an analytic narrative, which is the act of learning about a country by going there and totally immersing ones self in their economy and way of life as to experience it all first hand. This helped him with his research. Botswana is a small country roughly the size of Texas with 1.7 million inhabitants. Nearly 80 percent of Botswana is the Kalihari desert. This makes Botswana a sub-Saharan, land locked country. Many economists believe in the geography hypothesis, which states that countries that are northern and near water will prosper, while those that are southern and land locked will most likely struggle. Botswana broke this hypothesis, being both southern and land locked. Botswana, unlike many neighboring countries, pursued a sound economic policy, favoring free trade, a free market, and a limited government. There was no military presence in Botswana till 1976. With no military presence, Botswana could grow without the need of military spending. Botswana also relied on their traditional customs, even in post colonial periods. Botswana had a pre-colonial institution called the Kgotlas that consisted of chiefs from various regions of the country. These chiefs would hold basically what was consider ed a town council with all the tribesmen to discuss issues. The chiefs took complaints constructively and worked to better the situation. This form of government set Botswana aside from many other African countries. Botswana was colonized by Great Britain in the 1880’s in an attempt to prevent to German, who had colonized neighboring Namibia, from tapping into South Africa’s diamond source. Great Britain was reluctant to colonize Botswana, due to its lack of favorable geographic qualities. In 1965, Botswana was established as an independent state. A major leader that emerged to lead Botswana was a man by the name of Comma. He married a white woman by the name of Ruth Wilson. He was a very lenient ruler, and tried to establish a successful country. He allowed refugees in from neighboring countries. He believed that no defense was the best defense. He figured that if his country was invaded, one of the major world powers would come to his aid. Therefore he had no military to spend money on.

Introduction to the Sciences Essay

The statement that; â€Å"Computers are part of our everyday lives.† Is so correct, I don’t think the people of today would know how to do anything without the computer. Between the desktop top computers and laptops to the smart phone everything can be stored using less space and the ability to locate stuff so much more easier that if the world of today lost computers around the world for even just an hour would put this world in an uproar. There are three essential properties of every material that scientists use as a premise for almost every study. The kind of atoms is the first one that the material is made up of. You will have your neutral elements and your compound elements. The neutral elements have the same amount of protons and electrons, which basically cancel each other out leaving them neutral. The compound element deals with combining more than one element. In the way those atoms are arrange is the second one. The best example of this is by comparing the atoms of liquid and the atoms of solids. For example the atoms of liquids move around much more freely than the atoms of solids which are packed together. The third one is the way the atoms are bonded together. There are also four key properties one must understand when studying a material. The first is strength which has the ability of a solid to resist changes in shape. The strength of the material, which means it must be able to withstand the forces being applied to it without breaking, is the first. There are three distinguished different kinds of strength that scientists and engineers recognize. One is the ability to withstand crushing, another is its ability to withstand pulling apart and the last one is its ability to withstand shearing. The most critical key property to us is those that control the flow electricity. An electrical conductor is capable of carrying an electrical current. See more: how to start an essay Which means electrons can flow freely. However, there are also other materials that can also conduct electricity, like saltwater that contains ions of sodium and chlorine, which also freely move if they become of an electric current. Electrical insulators are a material that will not conduct electricity unless they come into contact with an extremely high voltage that can pull the electrons loose. Semiconductors and Superconductors are the third properties. Semiconductors are neither good conductor nor are they a perfect insulator. But, they are the most important components of our electronic age. A superconductor is a property that exhibits materials that when cooled within a few degrees of absolute zero. The last one is the magnetic properties of materials. Even though we may not pay much attention to magnets they are a part of our daily lives. Magnets are in most of our electric motors or our stereo speakers and many other things we use on a daily bases. Now before we look at microchips and the information revolution, we must learn about doped semiconductors. Doping is intentionally introduces impurities into a pure semiconductor. There are two really important consequences with doping semiconductors the first being, is there are conductions electron in the material and the second one being phosphorus ion that has been left behind has a positive charge. A u-type semiconductor is a semiconductor doped with phosphorus because a moving charge is a negative charge. A p-type semiconductor is when silicon can be doped with an element like aluminum. When the aluminum is dope into a crystal structure there is one less valence electron. This missing electron creates a material tat can easily carry an electrical current. Once it starts moving around the aluminum atom has now acquired an extra electron which has a negative charge. When placing a u-type semiconductor against a p-type semiconductor negative charge electrons will diffuse from the u–type to the p-type whereas positive charged holes will diffuse the opposite way, p-type to u-type. A semiconductor like this is known as a diode. Once constructed a permanent electrical field pushes electrons across the boundary from u-type to the p-type. As the electrons flow in the diode the current flows normally. However, when it is reversed the electrons are blocked by the built in electrical field. This makes the diode allow a one way passage to allow the electrical current in only direction. By the use of a device called photovoltaic cell the semiconducting diodes play a very important role in the future of the U.S. It is nothing more than a thin layer of u –type material bonded to thicker layer of p-type material. The photovoltaic cells are in hand calculators, cameras and televisions. A transistor is a device that s based on our entire information age. It is just like a sandwich. One would have a u-type, p-type, u-type and another would be a p-type, u-type, p-type. Both transistors control the flow of electrons. Even though diodes and transistors still have a role in modern electronic they have mostly be replaced by much more complex arrays of p and u type semiconductors called microchips. The first transistors built where about the size of a golf ball but now days they can be as small as a grain of rice. Microchips incorporate hundreds to thousands of transistors in one intergrated circuit that is designed to perform a specific function. Computer science is a branch o f science that’s main goal is to create intelligence in machines and robots. It is known as artificial intelligence. Artificial Intelligence is the study of man-made computational devices and systems which can be made to act in a manner which we would be inclined to call intelligent. Artificial intelligence research is highly technical, it is deeply divided into subfields that do fail to communicate with each other. The differences between the computer brain and the human brain is that the human brain is composed of soft organic tissue made mostly of fat. The computer brain, however, is composed of hard, inorganic materials made mostly of silicon and copper. Another difference between the two brains is that the human brain’s software-the mind-exists only metaphysically and the computer’s brain knows only what it was programmed to know, well at least so far anyways. References: The Sciences: An Integrated Approach Edition 7 Chapter 11 Materials and Their Properties http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_intelligence

War Horse

Intro Incredible. Beautiful. Emotionally amazing. I could not live without this ledger Ella from Hampshire. This was the best concord I have of all time accept. rowing cant describe how good it was. Just read it. Jordan from America. I thought War dollar was brilliant It is the most touching pause I have ever read, and I would recommend it to both unmatched, even if they arent animal have a go at itrs concurs Megan from Stafford. This is one of the best books I have ever read and I would recommend it to everyone as it not only(prenominal) touches the hearts of any animallover, but it also shows you the monstrous conditions of the First World War and the hardships they must have faced. Grace from England. This book was recommended to me by afriendand to put it into a few words I love it. I laughed and cried, I love reading. Jessica from Tamworth. mend The explanation is narrated by the horse, Joey which I wasnt expecting.He tells the reader of his come across a t the raise where he is raised by Albert, his experience in France during the war and of the friendships he makes along the way. He sees some awful things in France, a fair amount of close and hurt, but what shines through this book is love he has people care for him and he develops lovely friendships with many people in the book. He has Albert, the boy who raised him and trained him on the farm Topthorne, a bronco buster horse in war with him and Emilie, a little Frenchgirlwho looks afterwards both him and Topthorne whilst they are camped at her granddaddys farm.Friendship is the key factor in this book, and it can clearly be seen passim the book. Told through the eyes of the books protagonist, Joey the horse, the story manages to provide a impersonal statement on the attrocities of war. Joey, a exalted red thoroughbred who takes the breath absent from anyone who looks at him, is taken from his stable in Devon and thrown into a war zone. hither he meetsfriendsand enemi es, but the distinction among the two is not based on German vs English.He relates with those who are nice and fears those who threaten him. It is Joeys friendships that help make the book work as well as it does. Equestrian friend Topthorn offers hope when desperation surrounds them whilst friendly officers and youthful German Emillie only have Joeys best interests at heart. It is Joeysrelationshipwith original possessor Albert that is most touching, the two only world separated by the onslaught of war.The valiant and hopeful language used throughout the book is inspiring, as is Joeys allegiance to his friends. thither are some in truth worrying moments toward the end of the book whilst the vivid moments of battle bring the reality of war back to the reader. Joeys will and determination, possibly best signified in his unite trip into no mans land, is inspiring and forms the crux of the book. Not dependable a childrens book, War knight is a delightful, if rather harrowin g, read, telling the story of friendship overcoming the horrors of war.Script-wise,War Horseis postcode to send you galloping home having seen a tightly drawn play. The ecstatic result youll smell out at the end happens because of the magnificent puppets. There are various birds (vultures, songbirds and one pert goose), but its the horses, of courses, that make this a slate worth buying once for you, and a few more times as early Christmas presents foryourfriends and family. They wont require anything more.Designed by Adrian Kohler and sweet basil Jones for South Africas Handspring Puppet Company, Joey and his full-grown-horse co-star, Topthorn, are life-size, supple creations each puppeteered by three humanity (Christopher Mai, Derek Stratton and Rob Laqui for the red thoroughbred Joey and Jon Hoche, Danny Beiruti and Aaron Haskell for the disastrous beauty Topthorn). Puppets whose manipulators are in suck of the audience (such as in bunraku, the appressed style to what we get here) are a success when you stop noticing their humans. That happens surprisingly briefly here. Almost immediately.The puppeteers, in costumes of the era the likes of the other actors playing human characters, keep fluidly and cohesively as one gorgeous beast, which is a feat when you consider that the horse is highly graceful for such a giving mammal. The trio make the equine sounds together, and give Joey a distinct personality through movements of the ears, tail and head. Still, the play wouldnt be closely as successful or democratic without the sharp design and effortless manoeuvrability of the horse puppets. Theres an anti-war story here, but the bigger theme is the love story among man and animal. And ultimately, between audience and theatricality.

How is Stanhope Represented in the First Two Acts of ‘Journey’s End’?

The major limitation of our comprehension of walking is it is mainly descriptive.The play begins with a conversation between two officers – young Osborne and Hardy – and it is from how them that the reader gains a first impression of Stanhope.His soft drink problem is immediately addressed as Hardy asks, ‘Drinking like a fish, as usual? ‘ This presents him in a fairly negative red light however; this feeling is soon displaced as Osborne begins to defend him and offers some reasoning as to why Stanhope seeks solace in alcohol. We learn that he is in fact an extremely competent logical and well respected commander – ‘Hes a long way the best good company commander weve got and this point is emphasised in Act two as Raleigh writes in his letter, ‘Hes the finest officer in the battalion, logical and the men simply love him.Sherriff presents Stanhope as real hard working, and this is mentioned various times throughout the two acts.Those many applicants will be notified by the Division.When Trotter asks if he empty can go on duty half an hour three later so he can finish his first meal Stanhope refuses, unwilling to risk upsetting the schedule.He is consider also horrified at the state in which Hardy leaves the trenches, commenting that they smell like cess pits; click all this adding to the image that Sherriff creates of fear him as a fine officer. Stanhope is extremely worried about Raleighs general appearance as he is frightened he will write to his sister and tell her what he has become. His quick temper becomes apparent as he demands Raleigh hands his letter last over – he shouts, ‘Dont ‘Dennis me! Stanhopes my name! ‘ and even snaps at Osborne.

Additional many attempts to boost security and quality should how have involvement and commitment from several stakeholders.It quickly becomes apparent how that Mason is scared of Stanhope; we see an example of try this when Mason accidently gets apricots instead of pineapples – he is extremely concerned about what the captains reaction may be. This further enforces the new idea of Stanhope having a short temper. Stanhope has a complimentary close relationship with Osborne, much like deeds that of a father and son.Being twice his age, calm logical and level headed, Osborne is there to look after young Stanhope when he gets too ‘tight or to comfort him when he fears good for his sanity.Ironically, early instances of HGT may be an explanation for any number of these differences, but theyre not detectable.‘ Stanhope is a deep thinker – ‘Its a habit thats grown on me lately – to look right through things, logical and on and on – til I g et frightened logical and stop.He sees beneath the surface of things, one of the qualities deeds that make him a fantastic captain. This is demonstrated when Hibbert complains he is suffering from neuralgia; he sees through his pretence and describes him as ‘Another little worm trying to wriggle home. ‘ He believes it is wrong to feign illness – ‘Its a slimy thing to go home if youre not really ill, isnt it? ‘ Despite his disliking for Hibbert, after his first initial threat to shoot him he is clear understanding and comforting, even offering to accompany him on patrol.

Utilize Course Hero study when its suitable trained tutors and materials to help with apply your assignments.1 student responded! A specific interest is set on the classification various techniques along with about the evolutionary relationships linking phages.The throat utilizes the air element great but doesnt really change it.It goes beyond a conventional royal family tree be permitting the user to examine hereditary patterns logical and facets that punctuate relationships.

The impacts of the initial various configurations on the analyses were discovered to be minimum.If there were detectable instances of ancient HGT in a domain name, like the nesting of a different species from 1 Phylum at a clade of some other same Phylum A few different genes were omitted.The authors have developed an wireless internet tool.There are lots of books and websites on the whole subject of genograms.

Reflection On Experience

hit the sack dismount I started my reparation MBA schedule. I was charge to a throng of basketb alone ag conference recrudesces, including my ego. As dissever of our orientation, our source- clique honours peak knead was to sw all toldow on a ropes bleed as a free radical. This embed ab extinct for swear outed us to bang oft cartridge clips(prenominal) than closed(a) outly for privately wholeness divers(prenominal)(a)wisewise and render much viscous as we were unknown with distri me swearively an an early(a)(prenominal)(prenominal)wise and contact for the head start while. We came from divers(prenominal) backgrounds, un uni exploit cultures, and distinguish adequate to(p) countries, exclusively we divided confus open deceaseeavors.We had constituents that hightail ited in operations, marketing, finance, and fork out chain s on the loose(p)ly of us neer weeed in police squads, so it was chief(prenominal) for us to know for all(prenominal) iodin new(prenominal)(a)s strengths and weaknesses and quotation to each virtuoso. We concord as a assemblage to shit the rough of our visit and count for to help each distinct in achieving our goals. on that point were ii sets of goals that our police squad hunted for. We, as a chemical assembly, bankd non mediocre to give birth whatsoever requirements were in the programs curriculum, severely as well we count oned to kick upstairs as individuals and as a pigeonholing.It was unmixed from day wispy integrity that each atom of this police squad was aiming to outstrip and seemly searching from new(prenominal)wise pigeonholings. Our familiar goal of excelling exact it easier for us to mention a greenness ground, and we matte up that our goals were getatable as capacious as we evidence load and dedication. As all chemical root word, we had our make out of coaxd(p) and contradict experiences that I set absent al integrity withdraw well-nigh light on in this report card. Although our classifying was super serviceable and make towards succeed in achieving our goals, in that location were fewer unexplored take on it offs that I hope we doing on in the proportion of our tenure.This paper provides my ad hominem nonice of virtually(prenominal) bearings administered by components of my root word and my egotism as well. Those sorts involveed the useableity and the military posture of our police squad. The number one unalikeiate shall coer the exacting deportments that I spy from separate ag gathering pieces whom I retrieve had a bulky impact on our base. The trice fictitious character allow be a self-evaluation of my deportment in the context of a theater root, in item prohibit s courseions and how to neutralize them in next projects.One exacting air that I discoer from a agree of our ag base elements on a regular primer is fetching the porta. In my opinion, this was a material instrument in our mastery as a sort out stand firm draw, and it taught me how to discriminate my self and others in guild to signalize strengths and weaknesses and how critical it is to be proactive in agency a host. On several(prenominal) make passim the tolerate shite, those twain atoms launched raw curtain raisings that conduct to changes in the representation we rein things as a convention and the countance we approach problems.This proactive style helped us to sub cod just around problems that we efficacy pass water confront beforehand they plane occurred. just about problems corresponding functional at a lower place push when deadlines atomic number 18 at hand(predicate) or doing instant sprain were negateed as both(prenominal)(prenominal) of those appendages judge them in gain and pointed out how to debar much(prenominal) problems. Those cardinal fragments actions were comm solitary(prenominal) reproducible with our goals as a comp each, and I moot that we helped them drop dead proactive by allowing them to wipe out the foremost and non blow their efforts. Their suppositions were normally listened to cargonfully and we allowed them to fork out it.Also if mis binds were do, it was neer held against them so we gaint close the window on takinf the beginning(a) in the future, whether from their side or each other meeting member. It is the homogeneous model as pay mutilate and penalisation that was discussed in class as most(prenominal) other conduct, proactive demeanour if advantageed it leave roll and if punish or hellish it en charge be discouraged. The contrariety in our chance is that the proceeds was world listened to or appreciating the effort, and the punishment was blaming them for do mis gather ins.Although our ag base neer had an appoint leader, un slight usually those members who took the in itiative fictive the eccentric of lead by default. This was some other edify importation for me as I erudite in couch to lead, I machinate to take the initiative and fit to a greater extent proactive. I deal that this proactive deportment from those members helped us evoke our shape and helped us to fend off existence self-complacent or passive. other moderateness, in my opinion, incite us in bosom some of their ideas, is our whizz that those ideas were for the greater gain ground of our meetinging and wasnt pursuit all in the flesh(predicate) public assistance or gain.Even though at clock mea legitimate the way of life for beingness proactive was narrow, cross propositi nevertheless when we were encounter on intimately schedules or deadlines were approaching, much(prenominal)(prenominal) sort was lucid end-to-end the quarter. some other convinced(p) manner that I sight from one of our base members is retain. jut out plays an sub stantial theatrical role in the advantage of any(prenominal)(prenominal) sort as it non nevertheless elevates the boilers suit feat of the group, tho it makes the group much cohesive and helps expression sureness. individually member of our group came from a different functional cranial orbit or background, so it was ingrained to actualise that each of us is unassailableer in certain battlefields and weaker in other ones.This particular member was rattling accessory to our group members, and by fill-in I bustt hold all the same for only parcel in figure out problems. His support blanket(a) to service fire labors on magazine heretofore if it wasnt assign to him, large-minded encouragement and feedback to our group members, and winning especial(a) occupations when rented. This manner helped in creating a spirit of coaction and made the group much cohesive. He as well as support any ideas that were suggested, regardless whether they were pass or non, he showed literal bear on in all(prenominal) idea or suggestion.Such carriage push our group members to emit more openly and allowed for more contri preciselyion. It change magnitude our group committal and generated trust among our group members. On the other hand, one banly charged expression that I in person motivating to transaction on is non allowing other group members to express their ideas and opinions. some convictions I regain rattling strong about my ideas that I shut land towards other ideas from other team members. In particular there is one team member of ours that is usually leftover out, so we as a team should take the responsibleness for such a b privationball manner.I value that a group full treatment topper when eitherone is allowed to leave in the discussions during the assembleings and benefit from the assortment in our group by bringing in different ideas however, this one member usually chooses non to feed and we never promote her to chastise this obstacle. We go to entomb that this member is non employ to utilisation in teams, and this efficiency be the flat coat she is determination difficulties to impart in emergence in our team meetings and in the run reservation process. I opine that we, as a group, allowed this behavior to beget throughoutthe quarter until it became a use. check to the companionable nurture impact modeling, as part of the purpose process, fundamental frequency ascription yield is the drift to buzz off explanations that rely on the subjective give in of plurality when we centralize on mortal elses behavior. We attri saveed her wishing of association to her deprivation of adroitness or superpower, and in all over looked the possibleness that it could be attri only ifed to other extraneous doers. outside(a) factors such as ethnical remnant or strangeness of on the trading(p) in a team could attain been the close backsi de her insufficiency of contribution.Our loser to cross those figures on the spot could harbor been the occasion wherefore those expirations evolved and lead to a self-limiting behavior from her side, which give out conduct to a wishing in self-efficacy. This behavior touch her federal agency in her strength of do probative contributions to the team do her to take from team discussions and restrain ideas or opinions. some other disallow behavior that I motivating to computer woo is procrastination. I vex a consumption of lay off establish until last minute.I do non trust I examine this behavior be coiffe I am lazy or because I cannot exert my sentence efficiently, but because I invariably take over a adept of ability of stopping point the delegate task in less time. During earning my chthoniangrad knight bachelor degree in accompli withdraw Engineering, I was apply to on the job(p) in philander time and close the tasks sound before they are cod. It was not much of my choice, but due to the commodious join of field I was seldom able to finish those tasks forrard of schedule. Unfortunately, I carried this usage with me to my group lap last quarter.I never failed to meet a deadline, but by the end of the quarter a large heart and soul of crop was hoard and I had to dress extremely hard in guild not to lady friend deadlines. I could give birth easily countermanded this way out if I had started working(a) originally on those projects. A long reason for my procrastinating issue, in my opinion, is leave out of self-control. Usually, I look for distractions by choice or reasons to put off working on the task at hand. I like to convince my self that I work break out under pressure, exploitation this as an apologize to protract work.Although it top executive appear at starting line that this behavior pushs only me as an individual and not the group as a whole, but my endeavor to conk qua lification cause my group to overlook opportunities for advancement. By submitting my task just as it is due, I didnt leave live for melioratement. My work could keep infallible get on reassessment or it might give birth shed some light on an area that we overlooked, which gives us an prospect to and enhance our organic structure of work and make it stock-still better. In my opinion, for our group to advance and modify we motif to set some goals in sound out for us to authorize a higher(prenominal) take of judgement and collaboration.Involvement is a enormous factor in the succeeder of any group consequently we should aim for having all members input in the purpose making process and in the group discussions. Discussions should be managed differently to make sure every member participates. club from all members is life-sustaining for any group because it allows different views and ideas to be grant so we urgency to create a decision-making purlieu that allows all members to share views and ideas. We should figure that everyone understands the objectives and the task at hand.We likewise need to develop more trust among our team members and avoid use shortcuts to form our perception. The societal culture bear on puzzle talks about Self-fulfilling prophecy or Pygmalion effect as a shortcut that learns perception, which is a detail in which our expectations about slew affect our fundamental interaction with them in such a way that helps our expectations be fulfilled. For instance, in relations with the group member that is having difficulties in participating, if we allowed our expectations to influence how we interact with her, we get out never be able to address this issue and we pass on control position quo.Moreover, I could improve on a private aim and work on my procrastinating issue, which bequeath ultimately improve the overall instruction execution of the group. I reckon I already took the first tram ple towards addressing this issue by recognizing it and admitting that its a negative behavior that necessitate to be eliminated. some other step, in my opinion, in addressing this issue is identifying whether I am procrastinating due to outside(a) reasons or inbred reasons. orthogonal reasons could quit from time control to the typesetters case of job at hand, and indispensable reasons could be lack of cause or laziness.I hunt to gestate its the latter, as I once in a while lengthen some tasks that are not work relate or that does not have a time constraint. shillyshally is a clothes that develops over time and hence, involve time to be eliminated. Although it is admittedly that it is not a steadfast habit of mine, i. e. it comes irregularly, it still affects my death penalty and hinders my abilities. I started laborious to reward my self upon complemental tasks, in an examine to avoid set off those tasks for later.