The Marshall Court - 1518 Words

The life of every American citizen, whether they realize it or not, is influenced by one entity--the United States Supreme Court. This part of government ensures that the freedoms of the American people are protected by checking the laws that are passed by Congress and the actions taken by the President. While the judicial branch may have developed later than its counterparts, many of the powers the Supreme Court exercises required years of deliberation to perfect. In the early years of the Supreme Court, one man’s judgement influenced the powers of the court systems for years to come. John Marshall was the chief justice of the Supreme Court from 1801 to 1835, and as the only lasting Federalist influence in a newly Democratic-Republican†¦show more content†¦The establishment of one of the most influential powers of the Supreme Court--the power of judicial review-- and the development of the judicial branch can be attributed to Marshall’s insightful interpretati on of the Constitution (The Marshall Court†). In addition to saving the integrity of the Federalist-dominated Supreme Court in the case of Marbury v. Madison, John Marshall also promoted certain Federalist principles, including the idea of a strong national government. From the years when the Constitution was being created, Alexander Hamilton fought for the creation of a national bank since he believed it was â€Å"necessary and proper† for the growth and development of the United States (â€Å"The Marshall Court†). As Hamilton and the Federalist Party had hoped, a national bank was created and one of its branches was placed in Baltimore, Maryland. State legislators from Maryland were not satisfied with the progress the bank was making because the negligent behavior of its bank officials was bringing the bank under (Newmyer, 295). To save their citizens from having to deal with the bank’s faulty leadership, the legislators attempted to drive the branch out of the state by placing a tax on all the banknotes i ssued by the bank. When the tax was purposely left unpaid, Maryland sued the cashier of the bank--James McCulloch. In the state courts, Maryland won its case,Show MoreRelatedJohn Marshall Supreme Court Case Essay618 Words   |  3 PagesOne Supreme Court member that stands out from the rest would have to be John Marshall. There is no doubt about this because he made the Supreme Court a co-equal branch of government. This means that it was an equal branch to the legislative and the executive. He became a Supreme Court Justice in 1801 and was appointed by John Adams. While holding his position he set three major goals that set precedents and made him the most significant Supreme Court Justice ever. Marshall strengthened the nationalRead MoreMargaret Marshall The Chief Juice Of The Supreme Judicial Court1062 Words   |  5 PagesMargaret Marshall the chief Juice of the supreme Judicial Court argues marriage is a vital institution, the commitment should be between two people who offer mutual support to children, and to bring stability to our society. Marriage provides legal, financial, and social benefits. Which leads to legal, social, and financial obligations. The department of health states the purpose of marriage is to have children, the state is only interested if children are involved. She believes the court is downgradingRead MoreMajor Supreme Court Cases Under Judge John Marshall1482 Words   |  6 Pagesdecisions made by Supreme Court chief justice John Marshall have had a major influence on todays Judiciary System. One of his major decisions was in the case Marbury v. Madison, in which he set the precedent of judicial review. Another major decision is in the case McCulloch v. Maryland, in this case Marshall ruled that Congress possesses certain implied powers. Other major decisions made by Marshall were in the cases Dartmouth College v. Woodward, Gibbons v. Ogden, in which Marshall defined national powerRead More John Marshall: The Most Influential Ch ief Justice of the Supreme Court646 Words   |  3 PagesJohn Marshall: The Most Influential Chief Justice of the Supreme Court In the beginning years of the United States Constitution, the Supreme Court was a struggling institution due to the lack of effectiveness of the Chief Justices and was not highly regarded by the executive and legislative branches of the government. The third Chief Justice in only twelve years, John Marshall put an end to the Supreme Court’s lack of influence after his appointment by President John Adams in 1801. JohnRead MoreJohn Marshall: The Man who Saved the Supreme Court and the Nation2463 Words   |  10 Pages† John Marshall, fourth Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court certainly did, from witnessing the birth of our country, to serving as the longest tenured Chief Justice in Supreme Court History. In a span of just under two years, he went from serving as a member of Congress, representing Virginias 13th District, to serving as the nations fourth Secretary of State, to being appointed the fourth Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court, Janu ary. It Begins John Marshall was bornRead More Major Supreme Court Cases Under Judge John Marshall Essay1441 Words   |  6 Pagesdecisions made by Supreme Court chief justice John Marshall have had a major influence on today’s Judiciary System. One of his major decisions was in the case Marbury v. Madison, in which he set the precedent of judicial review. Another major decision is in the case McCulloch v. Maryland, in this case Marshall ruled that Congress possesses certain implied powers. Other major decisions made by Marshall were in the cases Dartmouth College v. Woodward, Gibbons v. Ogden, in which Marshall defined national powerRead MoreThe Two Eras that Made the Supreme Court the most Influential1293 Words   |  6 Pages The Marshall Court and the Rehnquist Court are the two eras that made the Supreme Court the most influential. The Marshall Court in 1801 to 1835 helped create the foundation for the United States constitutional law, which contributing to making the Supreme Court of the United States a coequal branch of government. The Rehnquist Court in 1986 to 2005 favored a concept of federalism that played a vital role on the Tenth Amendment’s reservation of powers to the states. Under Rehnquist point of viewRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement : Thurgood Marshall Law1501 Words   |  7 PagesThurgood Marshall Law By Kai Jalen Nugent Throughout the 20th century, Thurgood Marshall blazed the trail for the Civil Rights Movement from two sides of the American Legal System, both as a lawyer, and as a Justice of the Supreme Court. Marshall’s initial rise to fame came as a result of his success as the head lawyer for the Brown family in Brown vs. The Board of Education. Later, Marshall was appointed to the Supreme Court, making him the first ever African American Supreme Court Justice inRead MoreThurgood Marshall Essay1578 Words   |  7 PagesThurgood Marshall was a great African American Civil Rights activist who changed a lot of lives in the United States. As a passionate lawyer and prominent Supreme Court justice he fought for Civil Rights and social justice in the courts and believed that racial integration is best for all schools. Very early in his professional life Marshall broke down racial barriers and overcame resistance despite the odds. He then became a role model of the disciplined leader, although he didn’t have theRead MoreThe Great Chief Justice : John Marshall And The Rule Of Law848 Words   |  4 PagesGreat Chief Justice: John Marshall and the Rule of Law by Charles F. Hobson examines the judicial career of John Marshall, as well as the legal culture that helped to shape his political beliefs and his major constituti onal opinions. The author sources much of his information from the formal opinions that Marshall issued during his judicial career. From these writings, Hobson presents Marshall s views on law and government and provides explanations for what in Marshall s life influenced those

Market Process The Key Economic Problem - 878 Words

The market process attempts to solve the key economic problem. The key economic problem being; what to produce? How much to produce? And who receives the product? The market process addresses this problem by letting firms know what is demanded by consumers; hence, firms will produce the good that is demanded. The price dictates who should receive the product and in due course let firms know how much of the good should be produced. However, the market process may not allocate the optimal amount of resources for certain products as it only considers factors which are internal to it e.g. healthcare. The market process does not account for externalities which maybe positive or negative. Therefore certain goods are over produced or over consumed whilst others are under produced or under consumed. Therefore, in certain cases the market process does not meet the needs of people. Overall, I believe the pros of the market process outweigh the cons and therefore I agree with the statement. The price mechanism allows the price to change following a change in demand and/or supply. The price will rise or fall until supply equals demand. Therefore, the price mechanism allows the market to clear up shortages or surpluses. Ceteris paribus translates to ‘other things being equal’. This concept is used when analysing the effect of change in one variable on a second variable because in reality it is difficult to hold all but one variable constant. Imperfect competition is when anShow MoreRelatedBusiness Strategy And Managing Changing Environmental Standards, Sustainable Business Initiatives And Global Market Conditions1596 Words   |  7 PagesBusiness Initiatives and Global Market Conditions Index Sr. No. Description Annexure Page No. 1. Introduction A 02 - 03 2. Key Points B 03 – 06 3. Marketing Sustainability C 07 4. Conclusion D 08 5. 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Investment Report of Gulf Cement Company †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Investment Report of Gulf Cement Company. Answer: Introduction Gulf Cement Company is a company which is engaged in the manufacturing business of cement. The company operates in United Arab Emirates and also has major portion of the business there. The company is claimed to be the largest producer of cement in UAE and is estimated to have a production capacity of 2.5 million tons of cement which shows that the business is engaged in large scale production of cement. As per the requirement of the assignment, an analysis of ratio is to be done for the company on order to judge the financial performance of the company in comparison with the industry average (Delen, Kuzey Uyar, 2013). The different ratios are analysed on the basis of long-term debt paying ability ratio, profitability ratio, investor analysis. Long Term Debt Paying Ability Ratio Long-Term Debt Paying Ability ratio refers to the companys ability to meet the debts of the company. In other words, such types of ratios are associated with the debt servicing and paying capability of the company. The different ratios which are included in such category along with their respective industry average is given below: GCEM Average Ratios (4) ? Industrial Average ((1)+(2)+(3)+(5))/4 Status (Risky or Health?) 1- Times Interest Earned 13.439 64.294 Risky 2- Fixed Charge Coverage 13.439 64.294 Risky 3- Debit Ratio 0.145 0.382 Health 4- Debt/Equity Ratio 0.172 29.874 Health 5- Debt to Tangible Net Worth Ratio 0.172 29.884 Health 6- Operating Cash Flow/Total Debt 0.320 0.165 Risky Figure 1: (Table Showing Long-term Debt Paying Ability ratio and their Industry Averages) Source: (Created by the Author) Time Interest Earned: It is a ratio which measures the ability of the company to meet the interest requirements of the debt which is taken by the business (Fracassi, 2016). Another name for Times interest earned is interest coverage ratio. In the case of GCEM, the time interest earned is very low as compared to the companys average. The situation as shown in the table is risky for the company and hence the company needs to improve the ratio and avoid risks. Fixed Charge Coverage: This ratio is the measure of the ability of the firm to meet the fixed expenses of the business in an effective manner before incurring any interest expense and tax expenses. In general, it is more or less an extension of the Times Interest earned. As shown in the table above fixed charge coverage should be a bit higher and also close to the industry averages. The company however has a low fixed charge coverage which indicates that the company is unable to effectively meet the fixed expenses of the company. Debt Ratio: Debt ratio is the measure of the amount of debt capital which is used by the business in the capital structure of the company. In the case of the company the debt ratio is 0.145 which is much less than industry average. This is a favorable status as most business likes to keep their debt ratio to a minimum so as there is lower amount of risk in the business. Debt to Equity Ratio: The debt equity ratio of any company analyzes the capital structure of the company on the basis of which the company is operating. Debt equity ratio is an important indicator as to how the business is performing (Heikal, Khaddafi Ummah, 2014). In the case of the company, the debt equity ratio is much lower than the result which is depicted in the industry averages. It is considered from the perspective of the risks which are associated with debts the lower are the ratios the more favorable is the business. As per the table which is shown above the debt equity ratio is much less than the industry average and therefore it is considered to be favorable. Debt to Tangible net worth ratio: It is a measure of the level of creditors protection in case of insolvency of the business. In the above table it is shown that the debt to tangible net worth of the company is 0.172 which is lower than the industry average and it is showing a favorable result as per the concerns of the company. Operating Cash Flow/ total debt: This ratio depicts the relationship between the operating cash flow of the company and total debt of the company which is shown in the balance sheet of the company (Higgins, 2012). In the case of GCEM, the operating cash flow by total debt of the company is showing unfavorable results and the company needs to improve this ratio and make it favorable again. Profitability Ratio The profitability ratios of the company are the measure of the profitability of the company which can be related to gross profit, operating profit and net profit. The profitability ratio of the company also includes ratio like return on equity, return on assets and other significant ratios (Komala Nugroho, 2013). The profitability ratio of any company is considered to be important as they are most looked out for in the financial reports of the company. The table which depicts the profitability ratio along with the industry averages of the same for GCEM is given below: GCEM Average Ratios (4) ? Industrial Average ((1)+(2)+(3)+(5))/4 Status (Risky or Health?) 1-Net Profit Margin 0.050 4.236 Risky 2-Total Asset Turnover 0.435 0.326 Health 3-Return on Assets 0.021 0.069 Risky 4-Operating Income Margin 0.017 4.582 Risky 5-Operating Asset Turnover 0.966 1.495 Risky 6-Return on Operating Assets 0.004 2.248 Risky 7-DuPont Return on Operating Assets 0.004 2.248 Risky 8-Sales to Fixed Assets 0.800 0.661 Health 9-Return on Investment 0.038 0.114 Risky 10-Return on Total Equity 0.026 5.528 Risky 11-Return on Common Equity 0.038 0.436 Risky 12-Gross Profit Margin 0.077 0.296 Risky Figure 2: (Table showing Profitability ratio and their industry averages) Source: (Created by the Author) Net profit Margin: The net profit margin of the company measures the net profit which is earned by the company in relation to sales of the company (Agha, 2014). The net profit margin of the company as shown in the table above is very low as compared to the industry average of the company. This is not a good indicator for the company as the company needs to have a better net profit margin as it is one of the crucial financial and performance indicator of the company. Thus, as shown by the table above the results of the company is risky. Total Asset turnover ratio: The ratio measures the ability of the business to generate sales with the use of assets which the company has. The ratio basically establishes a relation between the sales and the total assets of the company (Delen, Kuzey Uyar, 2013). The asset turnover ratio of the company as shown in the table is more than the industry average and thus the results are favorable in nature. Return on assets: This refers to the profits which can be earned by the business by utilizing the assets of the company. The figure which is shown as the return of asset for the company is 0.21 which is much less than the industry results. The company needs to improve this ratio as it is one of the financial indicators which show whether the company is performing or not. Moreover, as shown in the table above it is unfavorable for the business to have such low return on assets. Operating Income Margin: The operating income margin of the company shows the relationship between the operating profits of the business and overall sales of the business. The operating profit is an extension of the net profit margin of the business. Similar to the results of net profit margin the operating profit margin is also lower than the industry average and is highly unfavorable for the business as indicated in the table above. Operating Asset turnover: The operating asset turnover ratio is an extension of total asset turnover ratio and as per the table the ratio is 0.966 which is much lower than the industry average and hence it is unfavorable. Return on operating assets: This ratio is also an extension of return on assets and measures the profit which can be earned by operating assets of the business. As per the table, the return on operating asset is very low as compared to industry average. Du-Pont Return on Operating assets: The ratio is similar to normal return from operating activities but the formula of Du-Pont is applied on the same. The table show that the result is lower than the industry average of the company and the results are same as the results of return on operating assets of the company. Sales to Fixed Assets: This ratio measures the relation between the sales of a company to the fixed assets of the company. The table shows that the result which is 0.800 which is more than industry average which shows a result of 0.661. Thus, the result of this ratio is favorable. Return on Investment: This is one of the most important indicators for performance measurement of the company. Return on investment measure the amount of profit which is generated from investment (Rehman Takumi, 2012). The return of investment of the company is low in comparison to industry average. The return on investment results of the company is showing unfavorable results (Area, 2014). Return on total equity: it represents the return on the total equity of the business which includes equity as well as preference form of capital (Kabajeh, Al Nuaimat Dahmash, 2012). The result which is depicted in the table show that the results are unfavorable in comparison to industry averages. Return on Common equity: In this case the return from equity shares are only considered and the results show that the company is having unfavorable return on common equity. Gross Margin: The gross margin of the company also depicts similar results as the net profit margin of the company which is unfavorable (Verma et al., 2016). Investor Analysis This measures the ratios which are useful for investors of the company and they are portrayed in a table below: GCEM Average Ratios (4) ? Industrial Average ((1)+(2)+(3)+(5))/4 Status (Risky or Health?) 1-Degree of Financial Leverage 0.948 0.966 Health 2- All-Inclusive Degree of Financial Leverage 0.460 0.723 Health 3- Earnings per Share 0.038 0.379 Risky 4- Price/Earnings Ratio 0.000 0.000 5- Percentage of Earnings Retained 1.314 0.469 Risky 6- Dividend Payout -0.314 0.531 Health 7- Dividend Yield 0.000 0.000 8- Book Value per Share 1.000 0.827 Risky 9- Materiality of Options 0.000 0.000 Figure 3: (Table Showing Investor analysis ratio and their industry average) Source: (Created by the Author) Degree of Financial leverage: The financial leverage is the measure of the firms debt in the capital structure (Ozdagli, 2012). As shown in the table above the financial the results of the ratio is lower than the industry average which is favorable in nature. All inclusive degree of Financial leverage: This ratio is also an extension of the financial leverage of the business and the results which are depicted in the table after comparison is made with the industry average is favorable. EPS: The earning per share of the business is lower than the industry average as shown in the table which is a matter of concern for the company as it is one of the most important indicators of the performance of the company. Percentage of earning retained: This ratio depicts the percentage of retained earnings which the company has been able to save. The table depicts that the retained earnings of the company is more than the industry averages. Dividend Payout ratio: The dividend payout ratio of the company as shown in the table is unfavorable in comparison to the industry averages (Ouma, 2012). Book value per Share: The book value of shares as shown in the table above is more than the industry average and as depicted it is risky for the business. Bankruptcy Prediction (Z score) Altmans Z Score which is used in business can be used by companies in order to predict bankruptcy in the next tow years or not. The formula which is used for the purpose of calculations can be derived from the income statement and balance sheet of the company (Altman et al., 2014). The results of the Z score is obtained with the help of five major ratio of the business which are liquidity, solvency, profitability, leverage and also the probability that he company might be headed towards insolvency (Altman et al., 2017). In the case of GCEM, the Z score of the company is 4.11 which shows that the company is not headed towards insolvency. A score which is below 1.8 suggest that the company is definitely headed towards bankruptcy and a score of above 3 is favorable which the company has obtained. D: Bankruptcy Prediction (Z-score) X1= Working Capital/Total Assets 0.298877776 X2= Retained Earnings/Total Assets 0.389692176 X3= EBIT/Total Assets 0.042016549 X4 = Market Value of Equity/Total Liabilities 4.437301145 X5 = Sales / Total Assets 0.40639165 Z=1.2X1 + 1.4X2 + 3.3X3 + 0.6X4 + 1.0X5 4.111649327 References Agha, H. (2014). Impact of working capital management on profitability.European Scientific Journal, ESJ,10(1). Altman, E. I., Iwanicz?Drozdowska, M., Laitinen, E. K., Suvas, A. (2017). Financial Distress Prediction in an International Context: A Review and Empirical Analysis of Altman's Z?Score Model.Journal of International Financial Management Accounting,28(2), 131-171. Altman, E., Iwanicz-Drozdowska, M., Laitinen, E., Suvas, A. (2014). Distressed Firm and Bankruptcy Prediction in an International Context: A Review and Empirical Analysis of Altman's Z-Score Model. Area, M. C. (2014). Return on Investment. Delen, D., Kuzey, C., Uyar, A. (2013). Measuring firm performance using financial ratios: A decision tree approach.Expert Systems with Applications,40(10), 3970-3983. Delen, D., Kuzey, C., Uyar, A. (2013). Measuring firm performance using financial ratios: A decision tree approach.Expert Systems with Applications,40(10), 3970-3983. Fracassi, C. (2016). Corporate finance policies and social networks.Management Science,63(8), 2420-2438. Heikal, M., Khaddafi, M., Ummah, A. (2014). Influence analysis of return on assets (ROA), return on equity (ROE), net profit margin (NPM), debt to equity ratio (DER), and current ratio (CR), against corporate profit growth in automotive in Indonesia Stock Exchange.International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences,4(12), 101. Higgins, R. C. (2012).Analysis for financial management. McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Kabajeh, M. A. M., Al Nuaimat, S. M. A., Dahmash, F. N. (2012). The relationship between the ROA, ROE and ROI ratios with Jordanian insurance public companies market share prices.International Journal of Humanities and Social Science,2(11), 115-120. Komala, L. A. P., Nugroho, P. I. (2013). The Effects of Profitability Ratio, Liquidity, and Debt towards Investment Return.Journal of Business and Economics,4(11), 1176-1186. Ouma, O. P. (2012). The relationship between dividend payout and firm performance: a study of listed companies in Kenya.European Scientific Journal, ESJ,8(9). Ozdagli, A. K. (2012). Financial leverage, corporate investment, and stock returns.The Review of Financial Studies,25(4), 1033-1069. Rehman, A., Takumi, H. (2012). Determinants of dividend payout ratio: Evidence from Karachi Stock Exchange (KSE).Journal of Contemporary Issues in Business Research,1(1), 20-27. Verma, S., Kim, B., Jhong, H. R., Ma, S., Kenis, P. J. (2016). A Gross?Margin Model for Defining Technoeconomic Benchmarks in the Electroreduction of CO2.ChemSusChem,9(15), 1972-1979.

How does Mary Shelly create sympathy for the creature Essay Example For Students

How does Mary Shelly create sympathy for the creature? Essay In the beginning of the novel, the epistolary stage, we are initially brought to believe that Captain Walton and Victor Frankenstein are the two main protagonists, whereas Victors creation, the monster, is portrayed as a demon and a creature that deserves little sympathy. But, as the novel progresses we begin to develop an understanding with the monster and we realise he himself is worthy of much more and Victor and Walton quite the opposite. The novel opens, and effectively closes, with the narration of Walton on board his ship travelling to the harsh, gothic winter land of the North Pole, at that time unexplored and presumed dangerous by the civilized world. From this location we are also, in succession, given in depth accounts of both Victors and the monsters pasts including their quite harmonic upbringings and devastatingly tragic downfalls. Walton, as I mentioned before, is initially portrayed in his epistolary stage to be the conventional hero, brave, intelligent and passionate, I am practically industrious- painstaking- a workman to execute with perseverance and labour:- but besides this, there is a love for the marvelous, a belief in the marvelous, intertwined in all my projects, which hurries me out of the common pathways of men, even to the wild sea and unvisited regions I am about to explore. But as this character unfolds his true persona we realise his arrogance does not stretch to the levels of charisma but reveal him to be shallow, self-righteousness and extremely self- absorbed. Any sympathy for him could be granted in the realisation that he is ultimately a terribly lonely man. This though is all dashed away along with his protagonist figure as we learn that this loneliness is completely self-imposed and the result of egotism and snobbishness, I shall certainly find no friend on the Wide Ocean, nor even here in Archangel, among merchants and seamen. Frankenstein effectively begins and ends with the sometimes pretentiously grandiloquent language of Captain Robert Walton, Having conquered the violence of his feelings, he appeared to dispise himself for being the slave of passion; and quelling the dark tyranny of despair In the parts of the novel that Walton features in we are only ever given a first person description of him which actually to a degree emphasizes his arrogance and pompousness. If, for example, Walton was described in second person his portrayal could be exaggerated cruelly or kindly. This too though applies to a first person description; the difference though is that you can judge the self-righteousness of Walton just by the language he uses and the self detail he indulges into. He is truly pompous, self-absorbed and shallow, the exact reasons why he is not one of the protagonists. On page 18 he clearly claims, There is something at work in my soul which I do not understand. So this is merely an excuse to validate Waltons acts and in effect Frankensteins because they are doppelgangers of each other. This cannot though entirely justify their obsessive behaviour because, yes although they are young, passionate and ultimately nai ve, this still doesnt change the fact that they are both well educated human beings, ninety percent responsible for their acts and fully conscious of what they are doing to the people they abandon Upon discarding his own creation, acts on the levels of hypercriticism, having been cherished by his own creators; single-mindedness because he does not empathize with the monsters disability and is totally self-absorbed in the notion that he has formed. But this passion, or more accurately obsession for success seems strangely unjustified in that Walton feels that his behaviour is actually out of his control.. What is quite interesting about the two characters though is that they both, upon So arrogant as he is Walton cries out in his letters to his sister, the very stars themselves being witnesses and testimonies of my triumph and whilst formulating his experiment with the instruments of life